Vitamin deficiency in food can cause different health deficiencies like Pellagra, Scurvy, Rickets among others. Most of these negative health outcomes are evidenced in the staple diet of those in the developing and poor countries. We shall understand some diets that cause these deficiencies in this essay.
Pellagra
The characteristics of Pellagra are mental afflictions, diarrhea, and dermatitis. Inadequate quantity of nicotinic acid in the diet that causes niacin deficiency in the body causes Pellagra. Over dependence on maize is an observed cause of Pellagra. Though Maize contains Niacin, it cannot be absorbed in the body in the raw form. It has to be passed through alkaline hydrolysis to be absorbed by the body. Jowar also contains adequate quantities of Niacin. However, the presence of leucine in jowar inhibits the process of absorption of niacin. Additionally, chronic alcoholism is one known cause of lack of ability to absorb of niacin (through poor nutritional habits and thereby malabsorption) and drug-induced pellagra may be through Isoniazid (Karthikeyan & Thappa, 2002). Table1 below lists the causes leading to pellagra.
Inadequate diet
Jowar diet
Maize diet
Malnutrition
Malabsorption
Crohn's disease
Subtotal gastrectomy
Gastroenterostomy
Jejuno-ileitis
Chronic alcoholism
Metabolic derangement
Carcinoid syndrome
Hartnup's disease
Drug-induced
Ethionamide, azathioprine, chloroamphenicol, phenytoin, pyrazinamide, 5-fluroracil, 6-mercaptopurine, INH
Table 1. Causes of Pellagra (Adopted from Karthikeyan & Thappa, 2002)
Thus pellagra can be attributed to major reasons and hence categorized as Primary and Secondary Pellagra. Primary pellagra is caused due to insufficient niacin absorption in the body owing to dietary constraints (hence appearing in people living in impoverished conditions). Secondary Pellagra, on the other hand is the incapability of the body to process niacin in a productive way that may be caused by...
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