Integrated Urban Port and Harbor Planning With Environmental Assessment and Coast Guard Facilities
Port planning is a multifaceted project that involves technical, operational, economic, social, and environmental aspects. The projects may range from terminal rehabilitation until altering the whole area into a communal park, involving several different aspects in economic, social, cultural, ethical, and environmental goals.
Every area has unique resources, which need to be incorporated into the whole planning process based on the local legal regulation. As with differences in geographical characteristics, it is necessary to find particular approach to the short- and long-term goals of the port, and every detailed construction or facilities provided. The port and harbor must meet the need on how to convert the urban area into a beneficial site as well as to maintain its original characteristics of the landscape including - and without overlooking - the resident people's objectives for the future. It also needs to defend the sustainability of the area to support the harbor progress in the subsequent decades.
Before going to the planning itself, setting appropriate goals is very essential. It is necessary to state clearly in details how to make the most of the existing features, and later decides what approaches will be taken.
The decision making process for an urban oriented area should consider these following outlooks. According to Nicholas (1982), land use in urban center is usually compact. The city has settled a decentralization trend; where accessibility is in high demand, carrying multiple functions, mostly in trading, manufactures, state naval activities, tourism and other growing industries related to the rapid community sprawl. The social use follows such as recreational and ethical use.
The Land Use Coding Manual has classified land use based on the people-oriented activities. A port or harbor should meet this expectance, that the land use should be maximized in a concentrated manufacturing center, which will give sufficient income not only to the harbor but also to the local people. In the more detailed plan, ports and harbors are usually planned to be the good housing and within convenient public access for cargo, shipping, fishing and docking business, and other related industries. Any decisions have to refer to support this goals, such as infrastructure development, providing effective traffic line in the area, closing less incompetent facilities and deciding which area will be the center of public, recreational, and/or manufacturing activities.
As an example, Port of San Francisco has a global strategic plan to be a center of public activities, which fulfills the "balance of maritime, recreational, industrial, transportation, public access and commercial activities."
One of the strategies is building industrial and transportation facilities on the site, which is split into some functional goals, such as: to increase cargo-shipping volume and to support commercial ferry activities.
In the process the port plans to work together with current shipping line customers and get into the local trade with "aggressive" marketing projects. For the physical support, the port plans to build infrastructure "to make cargo terminals more efficient."
The existing characteristics of the site are the powerful sources the plan should refer to. Leverburgh, UK, as an example, is a flat area about 17 hectares partly undeveloped. The facilities of the area are limited to fishing pier and ferry terminal. Public facilities are waiting room for ferry passengers, then fishing equipment and tank storage in an undeveloped open land. Other buildings do not have any significant function. The land ownership belongs to the Council, and a part of it belongs to the Island Enterprise that developed industrial units.
The Council sees a lot of opportunities to develop the area. Some main aspects to consider in the proposal are:
1. Road Access constructions new road is urgently needed to provide another option of access to the ferry port, since the existing access is inadequate and quite hazardous for the busy traffic.
2. Fishing Industry Facilities
Leverburgh already possess basic fishing equipments although it is limited and stored improperly, which will be easy to steal or damaged. The improper fishing storage system will also cause damages to the environment and esthetical look of the port itself.
The Council thinks in building a new parking and storage facilities here, which is accessible to vehicles to ensure that the products are transported conveniently and punctually. The storage will be equipped with fuel station, enough lighting, and
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