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Polydactylism Polydactyly Is A Relatively Essay

Of a total of 21 cases which were examined, this procedure resulted in a slight complication in only one case, where the digit had to be removed surgically due to failure of removal by suture ligation. The only real side effect of this simple treatment is that there was found to be a small bump remaining at the site in 43% of cases. Conclusion

Although there has been some work into the genetic basis of polydactyly, advances in examination of the human genome may create a better understanding of the condition in the future. A large amount of the work done so far has been focused on animal models, and there is still room for further work to discover the genetic basis of the different types of polydactyly in humans.

References

Ataru, S., Park, S. & Ryo, Y. (2005). Surgical treatment for lateral ray polydactyly of the foot: Toe selection and interdigital space reconstruction using a planter flap. Japanese Journal of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 48(2): 155-159.

Boeing, M., Cassia F. Paiva, L., Lima Garcias, G., Graca Martino Roth, M. & Santos, I.S. (2001). Epidemiologia das polidactilias: Um estudo de casos e controles na populacao de Pelotas-RS. Journal de Pediatria, 77(2); d.o.i.: 10.1590/S0021-7557200100017.

Borisch, N., Stunitz, B. & Blauth, W. (1995). Case histories surgical treatment of polydactyl of the little toe involving proximal and middle phalanx. Orthopedics and Traumatology, 4(4): 246-253.

Gurnett, C.A., Bowcock, a.M., Dietz, F.R., Morcuende, J.A., Murray, J.C. & Dobbs, M.B. (2007). Two novel point mutations in the long-range SHH enhancer in three families with triphalangeal thumb and preaxial polydactyly. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 143(1): 27-32.

Hill, R.E. (2007). How to make a zone of polarizing activity: Insights into limb development via the abnormality preaxial polydactyl. Developmental Growth Differ., 49: 439-448.

Kalter, H. (2003). Teratology in the 20th century environmental causes of congenital malformations in humans and how they were established. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 25(2): 131-282.

Klein, K.L., Scott, W.J. & Wilson, J.G. (1981). Aspirin-induced teratogenesis: A unique pattern of cell death and subsequent polydactyly in the rat. Journal...

& Solak, M. (2006). Synpolydactyly of the foot in homozygotes. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 96(4): 297-304.
Lettice, L.A., Horikoshi, T. & Heaney, S.J. (2002). Disruption of a long-range cis-acting regulator for Shh causes preaxial polydactyl. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99: 7548-7553.

Maas, S.A. & Fallon, J.F. (2005). Single base pair change in the long-range Sonic hedgehog limb-specific enhancer is a genetic basis for preaxial polydactyly. Developmental Dynamics, 232(2): 345-348.

Masada, K., Tsuyuguchi, Y., Kawabati, H. & Ono, K. (1987). Treatment of preaxial polydactyl of the foot. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 79(2): 251-258.

NationMaster (2005). Polydactylism. NationMaster Encyclopedia. Retrieved on November 14, 2008, at http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Polydactylism.

Palmer, J.S. (2006). Genitourinary manifestations in boys and girls associated with genetic diseases. The Journal of Men's Health & Gender, 3(1): 71-79.

Saito, K., Suzuki, H. & Suzuki, K. (2006). Teratogenic effects of static magnetic field on mouse fetuses. Reproductive Toxicology, 22(1): 118-124.

Scott, W.J., Ritter, E.J. & Wilson, J.G. (1977). Delayed appearance of ectodermal cell death as a mechanism of polydactyly induction. Journal of Embryology Experimental Morphology, 42: 93-104.

Turra, S., Gigante, C. & Bisinella, G. (2007). Polydactyl of the foot. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B, 16(3): 216-220.

Watson, B.T. & Hennrikus, W.L. (1997). Postaxial type-B polydactyly. Prevalence and treatment. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 79: 65-68.

West, J.R., Black, a.C., Reimann, P.C. & Alkana, R.L. (1981). Polydactyly and polysyndactyly induced by prenatal exposure to ethanol. Teratology, 24(1): 13-18.

Zhao, H., Tian, Y., Breedveld, G., Huang, S., Zou, S., Y, Jue, Chai, J., Li, M., Oostra, B.A., Lo, W.H.Y & Heutink, P. (2002). Postaxial polydactyl type a/B (PAP-a/B) is linked to chromosome 19p13.1-13.2 in a Chinese kindred. European Journal of Human Genetics, 10(3): 162-166.

Polydactylism

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References

Ataru, S., Park, S. & Ryo, Y. (2005). Surgical treatment for lateral ray polydactyly of the foot: Toe selection and interdigital space reconstruction using a planter flap. Japanese Journal of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 48(2): 155-159.

Boeing, M., Cassia F. Paiva, L., Lima Garcias, G., Graca Martino Roth, M. & Santos, I.S. (2001). Epidemiologia das polidactilias: Um estudo de casos e controles na populacao de Pelotas-RS. Journal de Pediatria, 77(2); d.o.i.: 10.1590/S0021-7557200100017.

Borisch, N., Stunitz, B. & Blauth, W. (1995). Case histories surgical treatment of polydactyl of the little toe involving proximal and middle phalanx. Orthopedics and Traumatology, 4(4): 246-253.

Gurnett, C.A., Bowcock, a.M., Dietz, F.R., Morcuende, J.A., Murray, J.C. & Dobbs, M.B. (2007). Two novel point mutations in the long-range SHH enhancer in three families with triphalangeal thumb and preaxial polydactyly. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 143(1): 27-32.
NationMaster (2005). Polydactylism. NationMaster Encyclopedia. Retrieved on November 14, 2008, at http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Polydactylism.
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