Business Research Terms and Concepts
KNOWING THE DIFFERENCES
Understanding Research Terms and Concepts
Quantitative Research Methods and Instruments
Quantitative research tests hypotheses from theories or approximates the magnitude of a particular phenomenon (Eau Claire, 2014). Participants or volunteers are assigned at random to different aspects or derive data from them to control their influence on a dependent variable. Probability sampling may be used if the intent is to generalize (Eau Claire).
Quantitative data collection methods utilize and depend on random sampling and structured data collection instruments (Euau Claire, 2014). These methods and their instruments are suited to different anticipated types of responses. Their findings are easy to determine, summarize, analyze, compare and generalize. The most typical methods are experiments or clinical trials, observation and recording of a specific event, securing data from an entity's management information systems, and surveys with closed-ended questions. Surveys are conducted through interviews or questionnaires as instruments (Eau Claire).
Interviews may be face-to-face, by telephone or by computer-assisted personal interviewing (Eau Claire, 2014). Face-to-face interviews enable the researcher to personally connect with the participants and thus yield the highest level of response. Researchers are also able to clarify uncertain matters or follow up on some question or detail. These interviews are, however, impractical when the population sample is too large. Telephone interviews are faster and more inexpensive. They also provide quick and easy access to participants with telephones. They provide more reliable responses than those derived from mailed interview questions. But these responses are not dependable in that they exclude random participants without telephones who are necessary to the research. And computer-assisted personal interviews are conducted by entering responses directly into a laptop or hand-held computer's database. This type saves times and eliminates the need to carry bulky questionnaires. But they are expensive and require computer and typing...
A mutation of the gene causing colorectal cancer or epithelial ovarian cancer are major risk factors for ovarian cancer, and genetic testing within the laboratory can identify most of these. However, the women who possess these inherited genes are at less risk than those women who do not have any family history of ovarian cancer, and while the former group can be treated with advanced planning and genetic counseling,
Phenoxodiol, a Medication for Cancer Clinical studies have predominantly focused on a couple of standard benzopyrans, namely flavopiridol and phenoxodiol (by Novogen, via MEI Pharma, the company's subsidiary at the time). Although a benzopyran, the former's method of action apparently differs from phenoxodiol's action neither of the two aforementioned benzopyrans has gained FDA (Food and Drug Administration) or EMA (European Medicines Agency) approval. The height of research on phenoxodiol was one
These include bloating, abdominal or pelvic pain, frequent and/or urgent urination, and difficulty eating because one feels very full very quickly (MedicineNet, 2009). However, these were only agreed upon in 2007 and not all doctors feel that these are the best markers of ovarian cancer (MedicineNet, 2009). A lot of women experience at least the first two of these symptoms quite often during their menstrual cycle, and the others
This type of prevention involves the complete removal of both breasts and all breast tissue. By having this operation individuals are able to completely eliminate the risk of having breast cancer. In most cases this procedure is only done on women who have many members of their family (mothers, grandmothers, aunts) that have been diagnosed or died from breast cancer. In such instances there is usually a genetic reason
4 months in the placebo group. (P=0.01) [Kyogo et.al] an earlier study by Nestle et.al (1998) had showed promising results. In that study, a small group of renal cancer patients were vaccinated with RNA-transfected dendritic cells. T cell response was noted in most of the treated patients and a follow up study conducted after 19 months showed that 7 out of 10 patients still survived. [Jian et.al, 2008] Other vaccines
Family history of cancer and pre-Disposition of a person to cancer Family Cancer Syndromes DNA, genes, and chromosomes Family cancer syndromes - when should I worry? Family History and Prevalence of Certain Types of Cancer Risk Assessment in Identifying a Family History of Cancer Family Cancer Syndromes Cancer has become a common disease in the world today and the prevalence of the disease is such that in many families one would find at least one person who
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