Therefore, in cases unrelated to ileocecal valve malfunction, large distal bowel obstruction is a direct function of LaPlace's Law at the area of the cecum. For the same mechanical reason, the most frequent location of colonic perforation is also at the cecum because it is the area of the largest diameter, and therefore, most susceptible to rupture in comparison to areas smaller in diameter.
11. What are the major types of movement of small intestine?
The first major type of movement in the small intestine is peristalsis. The second major type of movement in the small intestine are discrete clustered contractions, which are comparatively small movements. The third type of major movement in the small intestine is giant migrating contractions, which are larger versions of peristaltic contractions believed to serve a bacterial cleansing purpose.
12. Describe gastric acid feedback function
Gastric acid feedback is controlled by nerve endings in the stomach that are sensitive to acetylcholine and gastrin-release peptide. Gastrin and acetylcholine both stimulate the production of gastrin. High levels of gastrin trigger the release of somatostatin and histamines, both of which then inhibit further release of gastrin through their effects on the parietal cells.
13. Describe trypsin, lipase, and amylase biological function
Trypsin released into the duodenum is important for the breakdown of peptides through hydrolyses. By breaking down proteins into their constituent amino acids, trypsin facilitates the absorption of sufficiently small molecules to pass through the membranes of the small intestine. Lipase is a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas and is essential to the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids. During the digestion of lipids, lipase breaks the complex bonds of triglycerides into less complex monoglycerides for absorption. The enzyme amylase breaks down sugars and starches in the process of converting them into glucose for storage in the liver and the skeletal muscles. This process begins with the amylase within saliva in the mouth and continues in the intestines through amylase produced by the pancreas.
14. What hormones control gastrointestinal motility?
The hormones...
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