Because of the West's "strong influence and forceful implication of their civilization, the locals' forms of expression on national issues and self-consciousness were replaced through political essays, novels, poems and religious prose -- a form of learning, however, that led to ultimate awakening of Filipinos regarding the unreasonable colonial rule in the country. Famous examples of these Spanish-adapted writings are the novels of Jose Rizal, El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere" ("Philippine Literature," Camper's Point, 2007).
Freedom, liberation, and establishing an identity apart from those who would eradicate the national heritage and faith of the nation thus became a dominant theme in Philippine literature, relatively early in its gestation. Even the ethno-epics became subject to the pressures of colonization. For example; "The Agyu or Olahing of the Manobos is a three part epic that narrate[s] the exploits of the hero as he leads his people who have been driven out of their land to Nalandangan, a land of utopia where there are no land-grabbers and oppressors" ("Philippine Literature," Camper's Point, 2007).Although this shows a profoundly creative and empowering response to colonization, in the lives and minds of people whom the Spanish attempted to subject to foreign religion and influence, it also shows how there is no pure access to the Filipino oral literature of the past. Unlike the Thai epics of verse with their Indian and Buddhist images, these tales of liberation were not written down, and people were constantly reconfiguring stories in the popular argot to respond to a crisis of colonialism.
Today, the Philippine literature tradition is multi-lingual, encompassing many dialects as well as Spanish, and English. Establishing an independent identity that embraces the many national, linguistic and cultural facets that make the nation unique has emerged as a continual struggle in its literature. Today, "present-day Filipino writers, artists and journalists are trying to correct this inequity by recognizing the country's wealth of ethnic traditions and disseminating them in schools and in the mass media.: The rousings of nationalistic pride in the 1960s and 1970s...
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Some Chinese researchers assert that Chinese flutes may have evolved from of Indian provenance. In fact, the kind of side-blown, or transverse, flutes musicians play in Southeast Asia have also been discovered in Africa, India, Saudi Arabia, and Central Asia, as well as throughout the Europe of the Roman Empire. This suggests that rather than originating in China or even in India, the transverse flute might have been adopted through the
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