Perceptual Constraints and Cerebral Organization Essay Exam
Discuss how perceptual constraints and cerebral organization influence how words are recognized during reading.
The act of reading text may appear to be a static action involving a minimal amount of activity, but every turn of the page requires the human brain to engage a veritable concert of cognitive processing. While seemingly instantaneous, reading just a single word combines the eye's ability to fixate and project visual information with the brain's interpretive power, enabling an experienced reader to synthesize wide swaths of textual data in the proverbial blink of an eye. As empirical psychological inquiry has revealed many of the mysteries hidden within the human brain, cognitive researchers have developed a more complete understanding of the perceptual and cerebral processes which are essential to man's unique ability to decipher meaning from an organization of symbols. Concurrently, the spectrum of anatomical knowledge has been significantly expanded through the advent of microscopic exploration, and today the study of vision enables researchers to examine the structural components of the eye itself. By combining these diverse fields of inquiry, two competing schools of thought have emerged regarding the fovea centralis -- an area of the eye located in the center of the macula region of the retina that is crucial for sharp central vision used in reading. Proponents of the split fovea theory (SFT) assert that "that the fovea is anatomically and functionally divided down the middle, with all visual information that originates to the left of fixation projecting initially to the right cerebral hemisphere while all visual information that originates to the right of fixation projects first to the left cerebral hemisphere" (Ellis & Brysbaert, 2010). Conversely, the traditionally held bilateral projection...
19). The hippocampus is responsible "for memory storage and for spatial mapping of the physical environment" (Cahill, 2005, para. 18). Thus, women navigate using landmarks, whereas males use space and orientation to estimate distance. Studying the physical aspects of the brain in males and females highlights emotional and cognitive differences between the two sexes. In the female brain, the two hemispheres appear to be more interconnected, suggesting a greater ability
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