Nutrition-Health-Science
The Digestive System
Mechanical digestion begins the process of digestion. Otherwise known as chewing, it "involves mixing, grinding, or crushing large pieces of food into small pieces" (Lab: Mechanical and chemical digestion, n.d, Chapter 38). In contrast, the process of chemical digestion occurs inside of the body within the digestive organs, "when digestive enzymes break down complex molecules, such as carbohydrates, into simple molecules, such as glucose" (Lab: Mechanical and chemical digestion, n.d, Chapter 38). When digesting a ham and cheese sandwich, first the teeth grind the sandwich mechanically. Then this is followed by the process of breaking down the food chemically within the body. While mechanical digestion is a willed activity in the sense we select the foods we eat and how much we chew, chemical digestion is not.
During the process of chemical digestion, "the parietal cells of the stomach produce HCl and secrete it primarily in response to ingested protein or fat" (in the cheese and the ham) and protect the stomach against harmful bacteria that might have entered the body during food preparation or consumption (Haas 2012). After the food leaves the stomach, "the small intestine carries out most of the digestive process, absorbing almost all of the nutrients you get from foods into your bloodstream. The walls of the small intestine make digestive juices, or enzymes, that work together with enzymes from the liver and pancreas to do this" (Organs: Large and small intestines, 2013, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh). By the time the food reaches the large intestine, it consists mainly of dead cells and fiber. 'Helpful' bacteria in the large intestine "feed on this mixture. These helpful bacteria produce valuable vitamins that are absorbed into your blood, and they also help digest fiber" (Organs: Large and small intestines, 2013, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh).
Q2. Food Safety & Technology
Technology such as refrigeration and preserving has vastly improved the ability of human beings to eat a wider variety of foods safely, year 'round. "Yeasts, moulds and bacteria" are the primary causes of food spoilage (Causes of the spoilage of food, n.d., Food Preservation). As well as being unpleasant to look at and taste in most forms, spoilage and contamination can cause illness in humans. The core principles...
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