Optimum health is the actualization of both innate and obtained human potential gained through rewarding relationships with others, obtaining goals and maintaining expert personal care. Adaptations can be made as required to maintain stability and structural integrity. A person's state of health can vary from wellness to illness, disease, or dysfunction. Professional nursing is founded on the need to promote wellness practices, the attentive treatment of persons who are acutely or chronically ill or dying, and restorative care of patients during convalescence and rehabilitation. It also includes the education and measurement of those who perform or are learning to perform nursing responsibilities, the support and communication of research to enhance knowledge and practice, and the management of nursing in healthcare delivery systems. Nursing practice centers on the application of a body of knowledge in order to maintain, restore, or enhance the interactions between people and their environment. Overall, therefore, Fitzpatrick notes that transition is one of the most important issues of nursing theory. It comes from and is related to the basic metaparadigm concepts of person, environment, health and nursing (Davidson, 2002). Further, a fundamental part of nursing is concerned with concepts, categories, and classification systems. Under her theory, healthcare research moves from total reliance on mortality and clinical episodes to the use of patient-centered measures to judge the impact of treatments or programs. Studies include questionnaires...
In a systematic review of these measures, Fitzpatrick and colleagues identify seven types: 1) disease specific; 2) site or region specific; 3) dimension specific; 4) generic; 5) summary items; 6) utility and 7) individualized. This body of knowledge is continuously developed and refined as an outcome of scientific, historical, philosophical, and ethical inquiry and clinical evaluation. Nursing knowledge is generated about health through behaviors of persons across their lifespan. Clinical evaluation furthers nursing knowledge through the testing and validation of interventions that are used in nursing practice, education, and administration. Nursing shares, with other health professions, a commitment to the patient's well-being and a professional code of ethics. Most recently, nurses have refined their principles to empathize an increasing commitment to human rights and patient protection that fits into the paradigm of ongoing assessment, database management and technological advancement (Davidson, 2002).
Nursing Informatics NEW COMPETENCIES Nursing informatics or NI is a field specialty that blends and integrates the nursing, computer and information sciences in managing and transferring information and insights in nursing (Anderson, 2008; Coleman et al., 2010). It is aimed at assisting in the decision-making function of patients, nurses and other participants in patient care through information structures, processes and technology. Nurses who integrate this specialty into their regular practice are called
Nursing Theory Caring as an integral nursing concept can be viewed from diverse perspectives. It can be an attribute, a complex set of behaviors, or an attitude. This has made some people believe that it is impossible to improve and measure it although there is evidence that both improvement and measurement are possible. People recognize that caring models of professional practice affect the service users, health outcomes, healthcare staff, and ultimately
Nursing Across Theories Nursing is a core concept that is common across contemporary nursing theories. Even though the definitions, applications, and philosophies are different with each theory, the concept of nursing plays a vital role in each one. Contemporary theories came about when the teaching of nursing students was not sufficient to the performances of what the nurses were being taught in schools and ultimately affecting patient care in the long
Theory Critique of Jean Watson Introduction and Historical Context Jean Watson developed the theory of transpersonal caring or the theory of human caring in the year 1979. The theory points at the humanistic characteristics of nursing in relation to the scientific knowledge in the world. Watson developed this theory with the aim of communicating meaning, and making nursing a unique health profession. We consider caring as the core responsibility to nursing; therefore,
Nursing Research Value of Research to Nursing Nursing is different from other health care professions. It has a large scope for practicing therefore it is necessary to understand theory in order to provide a strong framework for understanding of this profession. The daily practice of nursing contributes to a nursing practice theory, which can be empirically tested. A quantitative nursing research has three levels such as descriptive, co-relational and experimental. Therefore nurses
Learning in adults is most effectual when the environment is both participative and interactive. Another important characteristic is that learners obtain instantaneous feedback. Teaching methods that necessitate a learner to think though data or information and come to a conclusion or forecast an outcome are more valuable than is reading or lecture. "The minute-to-minute care and monitoring of critically ill patients requires nurses to collect, analyze, and react to
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