The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries out the motor commands that are sent from the central nervous system. These commands or signals are then sent directly through the nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system to the target organs where they will then be signaled to perform the desired action (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 380). The peripheral nervous system can be further broken down as being a part of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 375). The efferent division works in both of these systems as they are only possible through the motor commands sent from the central nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement. The signals innervate skeletal muscles that a person can consciously control (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 376). A reflex is also controlled by the peripheral nervous system and the somatic nervous system. When an individual's hand accidentally touches a hot surface, the first instinct is to withdraw the hand; this is possible because of the somatic and peripheral nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is what is commonly called the "fight or flight" system. It is made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions and are not a part of an individual's control (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 375). These involuntary movements include the regulation of the smooth muscle tissue that surrounds the majority of a person's organ systems and blood vessels, the cardiac muscle around the heart, and secretions from glands (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew,...
One would not be able to function properly without the other; together, they form what it means to be human. The central nervous system only functions the way that it is supposed to because it receives the signals from the peripheral nervous system. Without these signals or without receiving the appropriate sensory information, the central nervous system would not know what to do. With this point being said, this also works the other way around. If the central nervous system is unable to adequately deliver the signal to the peripheral nervous system in order to initiate a motor command, then the peripheral effectors would have no idea what to do (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 375). The innervation of skeletal muscles is imperative to do anything from walking to talking to performing everyday routine activities. Without the motor commands from the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system would never be able to innervate the body's organs and tissues (Martini, Nath, & Bartholomew, 375). This would cause great distress as most bodily functions would be unable to perform their specific duties to keep the body alive. Any miscommunication between the two systems would also be a predecessor to death or complete loss of bodily functions. The interrelated features of both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system, allow people to live.
What happens is this over production of neurons results in a kind or "pre-programmed 'suicide' mechanism called apoptosis" (Marino, 2010). So if the brain kills off these neurons on purpose, what happens to the dead neurons? Journalist Melissa Marino asserts that the body must dispose of the dead neurons or else the body's immune system is in trouble. Interestingly, Dr. Bruce Carter (a biochemistry professor) of Vanderbilt has discovered the
Nervous System Lymphoma page literature review "Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma The primary central nervous system lymphoma The primary central nervous system lymphoma is a cancer type that is very rare, and affects the central nervous system i.e. spinal cord, brain, brain coverings, optic nerves, or the eyes. The cancer being referred to as a lymphoma indicates that its cells are lymphocytes which are a white blood cell type. Primary central nervous
Nervous System: In order to achieve its function, the nervous system is divided into two major parts i.e. The Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The central nervous system is basically made up of the brain and spinal cord and has the main function of receiving information from the body and sending out instructions. While the brain is protected by the skull, the spinal cord is guarded
Nervous System The major structures of basal ganglia are pallidum, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and striatum. They are inappropriately named because the name striatum refers to all major components of basal ganglia. However it was used to refer to only one of the structures. The general function of basal ganglia is to take part in learning and motor control. Is called motor cortex, receives its primary input from the ganglia structures The
human Central Nervous System plays a large role in governing personality. The Central Nervous System (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The good deal of our knowledge about how the brain influences personality comes from early studies of how brain damage impacts personality. The case of Phineas Gage demonstrates that link between the left temporal lobe and personality characteristics like working for a delayed the
Lead and the Central Nervous System Lead is a highly toxic substance that particularly affects the central nervous system of all people of all ages. Because of its great toxicity, much research attention has been given to these effects and how they can be mitigated. Of particular importance are the effects of lead exposure in young children. Because their central nervous system is in a rapidly developing stage, children are at
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