" By the end of his regime, Pinochet may have been responsible for the deaths "of at least 3,000 people and the disappearance of many thousands more." (Bidstrup, 2005) the unionization movements, such a critical part of other Latin American nations, had effectively been rooted out.
One might state that need not condone the horrors of the Pinochet regime, to grant that some economic successes did result from his policy, and that the reforms may have been necessary. In concrete policy terms, this change enabled an opening of Chile's economies to the world through free trade. Tariffs were reduced and there was an elimination of state-sponsored subsidies of inefficient businesses, combined with an opening of capital markets, relaxation of restrictive labor laws, a reduction in public employees, privatization of state-owned enterprises and changes in formerly inflexible currency regimes and foreign exchange policies. (O'Neil, 2005) it is unlikely that such sweeping and foreign domestic reforms could have been accomplished so quickly, and been sustained in the 1990's in the absence of a military regime.
General Pinochet was a leader who was able to manipulate institutional changes in his favor, while simultaneously convincing the public that he was acting on their behalf. Instead of being constrained by negotiations with other societal forces, Pinochet maneuvered around them so that he was able to move his reform policies forward. (Bansal, 2005, pp. 5-6) Always, he remained inspired by long-standing economic advocates such as the 'Chicago Boys' from within the nation, as well as outsiders and...
As a result, to not totally lose out to Vietnam and China, other countries are competing by extending their operations 24/7 without further adjustments to the current government-mandated wages of their workers. Competition remains, as Vietnam and China can deliver like the other countries, but with significantly lower wages. Looking at the bottom line, only the workers suffer and are greatly exploited as a result of this competition among
Neoliberalism and Globalization Globalization may be an overused word, although the new version of international capitalism is still so recent that the actual system on the ground has outrun the scientific and theoretical vocabulary that describes it. As a system, international capitalism is rapidly eliminating geographical and political boundaries, as Marx predicted in the 19th Century. In the global, postmodern economy, branding also involves relentless synergy and tie-ins between various diverse
These Latin American countries are now, more than ever, part of the world economy, which has made other nations more interested in bolstering democracy in the region -- they now have investments to protect. The United States, for example, exert significant pressure on these Latin American democracies. The U.S. has stepped in to prevent military coups, and if it can't prevent the overthrow of democracy, it immediately punishes the
Thus, crises of capitalism have so far avoided provoking the alternative solution of a transition out of capitalism" (Wolffe 2009). Welfare state capitalism is merely one incarnation of capitalism, and neo-liberalism is not such a striking reformation of the capitalist system: it is merely one part of the cycle of managing capitalism without really changing the nature of neoliberal, state-protected capitalism. While the U.S. government's approach to the crisis may
In Social Problems, Coleman & Kerbo (2009) discuss ways globalization and neoliberalism have impacted global inequalities and disparities. Global inequalities are not caused by singular policies but are tremendously complex, requiring nuanced perspectives and points of view. Economists, sociologists, and scholars frequently debate whether neoliberalism and global capitalism are causing or exacerbating global inequalities, or whether the ideologies and practices of the free market may be used to promote global
It is about freer movement of goods, resources and enterprises in a bid to always find cheaper resources, to maximize profits and efficiency" (Shah, 2007). Therefore, this means development for both the areas that sell these resources, as well as for the actors which buy them and use them in the manufacturing business. It is argued however, that the ones who benefit from raw materials at a lower price
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