Niebuhr
The reaction that I had to Reinhold Niebuhr's Moral Man and Immoral Society was extremely complicated, but I ultimately found the implications that Niebuhr's beliefs would have for the American political system to be exceptionally troubling. The problem here comes when Niebhr endorses the necessity of propaganda in a civilized society. Since Niebuhr believes in "the stupidity of the average man" (21) and believes these people must be persuaded by means of "dogmas, symbols, and emotionally potent oversimplifications" which build "morale" (xxvii) this fundamentally believes that propaganda is the most useful tool for social control, even acknowledging that "there is an element of propaganda in all education" (245).
For me, this seems to describe perfectly a troubling trend in American politics which has been brewing for some time. What is propaganda? Well, look at the sort of stuff that Hollywood churned out during World War Two. It was part of the mobilization effort in America, which was not threatened by the war. America was mobilized purely through mass-media propaganda. This is presumably what Niebuhr had in mind when he wrote about the necessity of propaganda. But this is a German theologian, ultimately, writing about the crude means that were required to get America to invade Germany, and how it presumably shall be necessary to employ these sort of "emotionally potent oversimplifications."...
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