Metabolic syndrome is significant for our patient for several reasons. As we have noted, the syndrome is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Those patients who have metabolic syndrome tend to develop coronary atherosclerosis at a higher rate than those who have coronary risk factors alone. Obesity increases the risk of metabolic syndrome but so does pre-obesity, or BMI ranging from 25-30. Women who have been diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome are noted to be at increased risk of hypertension, dylipidemia, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and Type II diabetes. Because of all these comorbidities, women with PCOS also tend to be at greater risk for patients with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, especially in the premenopausal population (Talbot, et al., 2000). For these same reasons, women diagnosed with PCOS have a 5 fold increased risk for the development of complications of coronary and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis.
Mrs. Stiller has many concerns regarding her diagnosis, not the least of which is her ability to become pregnant. Metformin would be the drug of choice for her condition. Metformin works by decreasing intestinal glucose absorption, decreasing peripheral glucose uptake and has also been noted to induce ovulation. There is a greater risk of spontaneous abortion in patients with hypeinsulinemia, thought to be due to the effect of elevated insulin levels on endometrial function and the uterine environment. Patients who have PCOS and use metformin have shown a slightly decreased risk of miscarriage in two small scale studies (McCarthy et al., 2004; Ben-Haroush a, Yogev Y, Fisch B, 2004) but it should be noted that the drug is category B. And that there is little evidence to support the use of metformin for this purpose.
With metabolic...
A key strength of the study was that it was the first to show that major depression predicts increased risk for developing metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women. One of the key limitations of the study was that it only evaluated the role of depression in middle-aged women and not in men. This limits the external validity of the study. In addition, the use of cross-sectional data, self-reports, or the
Patient and family education is essential especially with regards to eating habits. The patients should avoid excess fat in their diet as it contributes to high chances of contracting the disease (Bolen et al. 2010). The drug has, however, remained on the market in the U.S. The drug has been removed from European markets due to escalating concerns regarding safety. Obesity has considerable contribution to the number of preventable deaths
Helping parents understanding the infant's needs, development, and behavior, along with educating the parents in the area of proper parenting constitutes vital components for the prevention of SBS. In the article, "New programs target shaken-baby syndrome," Alex Newman (2008) relates the following prevention tactics: Check if baby needs to be changed/fed/burped. Check if baby is too hot/too cold. Make sure baby's clothes fit comfortably. Play white noise (radio, TV static, fan, vacuum). Rock gently or
This is achieved through the increase of metabolic rates and lean body mass while eliminating excess fat and burning calories. While the required amount of physical activity differs based on the caloric intake and body type, sports can assist an individual to maintain a healthy weight. For people who want to maintain a huge amount of weight loss, high-intensity sports can be the best option while reasonably-intensive physical activity
Nephrotic Syndrome is not a disease. It is a condition that is characterized by damaged glomeruli in the kidney. This damage might be caused by one or more disease. These diseases can be related to the kidney as in Familial Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, abbreviated FFGS or membranous nephropathy. Or it can present from relatively distantly related diseases such as heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes and lupus. The types of diseases that
He denies taking these meds for any other reason but to be able to stay awake at work. He also admits that he is not in the position he thought he would be in at this age in his life. Approximately five years ago, he was laid off as the manager of a local distributing company. Since that time (which is also the time of his son's birth), he
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