Martin 1993: 169-170)
Another memory theory that has become popular and may have significant educational distinction is the concept of working memory, or rapid access memory that is finite (such as the RAM of a computer and therefore cannot be stretched across to much stimulus or brain work to elicit memory of the core concepts.
Research on test anxiety and working memory suggests that performance deficits caused by test anxiety can be explained by the extent to which individuals are able to use their working memory capacity (Darke, 1988b; Eysenck, 1985). The working memory system has a finite capacity and deals with the transient processing and storage of information simultaneously at any point in time (Baddeley, 1986). In an evaluative situation, highly anxious people have less available working memory capacity for task solution than their low-anxious counterparts, because some portion of their processing capacity is taken up by the representation of test anxiety (e.g., worry), which leads to performance decrements
Lee 1999:218-219)
Test anxiety is not the only context in which the working memory theory can be validated. Reading comprehension is also an area where working memory theory assists the educator in a better understanding of working memory. Potentially thinking of over stimulation or under stimulation as factors effecting working memory would also be significant in exploration.
As conceptualized by Baddeley, specifically, the working memory has three major components, an executive and two storage systems, which are the articulatory loop and a visual-spatial scratch pad (Baddeley, 1981; Baddeley & Hitch, 1974).
Das 1989:101)
Not least in the understanding of memory and learning is the concept that brain chemical functioning is essential. Feeding the brain the right kind of chemicals therefore becomes an important aspect of education.
Recent experimental studies on children demonstrate that breakfast consumption positively benefits undernourished children's cognitive performance (Pollitt, 1995). Students seem to achieve higher levels of academic performance when they consistently eat breakfast....It also has been suggested that a child's brain function and memory are sensitive to the effects of an overnight fast as well as to nutrient deficiencies (Pollitt, 1995). One study showed that in schools that serve breakfast, students' academic scores increased and their discipline problems decreased (Matsumoto, 1998).
Antoine, Donald & Cox 2003: 230)
Other researchers also indicate that certain forms of nutrition are better than others for the formation of healthy memory skills, including the more specific association of protein and certain elemental nutrients, as apposed to high fat content diets was the best kind of food for the brain.
Last but certainly not least in a greater understanding of the way in which memory functions is a greater understanding of how imagery, effects memory. We have discussed the fact that memory is multifaceted, and that the context of the learning situation has a great deal to do with...
Memory has been separated into three categories on the basis of the "amount of time the memory lasts." (Zhang, 2004, p.1) The three categories are stated to include the following: (1) sensory memory; (2) short-term memory; and (3) long-term memory. (Zhang, 2004, p.1) The focus of this brief study is to describe each of these memory storage processes. Sensory Memory & Short-Term Memory Sensory memory is reported to act as "a buffer
In the end of the nineteenth century, research experiments were carried out on memory. In this period, the memory dominated by the symbol of evolutionary development in nature. In nineteenth century, many new technologies were developed such as radiography, photography and cinema cameras to recall and preserve memory. "Memorializing the achievements of individuals considered as members of families is the earliest popular use of photography" (Sontag, 2001, p. 43). These
Functions Management The purpose of this report is to analyze the leadership and planning systems at Apple Inc. Apple has been one of the success stories of the past decade. Leadership has played a strong role in Apple's success, with the company generally thriving under Steve Jobs and struggling under other leaders. With Jobs' passing, the company faces a challenge of adapting its leadership and planning systems, both of which were
Memory Search and Amnesia MemorySearch The concept of the central nervous system suggests that the brain and nervous system is an immutable object within the body that once developed, cannot change. However recent discoveries within the field of neuroplasticity have shown that the brain is indeed mutable and changing. Even following injury the brain has the ability to create modified functional structures and to create new synapses and electrical connections. The purpose
Its a good idea to leave behind information that is not necessary for us any more like past phone numbers and names of strangers whom we may not meet again. Episodic Memories Episodic memories are the autobiographical events of a person's life based on his or her experiences, relationships, learning and ideas. In a loss of episodic memory, the links that exist in the temporal and frontal lobes of the brain
The other group of participants was asked to identify the same words with missing letters, but without having first been primed by viewing the list of words spelled out completely. Each individual's response time in recognizing the incomplete words was then measured, to develop a comparison of response time between the primed and unprimed groups. Both groups of participants in the study were given the same incomplete words to
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