The results also showed that sand and cat litter required far longer (23 and 30 minutes, respectively) to complete the ice melting compared to 45 minutes for the ice that received no treatment at all. These results indicate that although there are alternative substances available that are slightly more effective at melting ice and snow, road salt is a highly effective tool for melting road ice and snow as well, and it is a more cost-effective method as well. Whether these attributes of road salt offset the corresponding environmental impacts remains unclear.
Conclusion. The results of the experiment confirmed the study's hypothesis that all of the substances tested would melt ice faster than no treatment at all. The results of the experiment, though, were unable to take into account the effect of traffic on roadways and the friction it creates, which would have an impact on the rate at which ice actually melts, particularly when using gritty substances such as sand and cat litter that would inevitably have an effect on how quickly the treated ice melts. Despite the demonstrated efficacy of calcium chloride in achieving the fastest ice-melting results, the amounts of any of these substances required for road-clearing applications suggests that road salt and/or a combination of sand continues to represent the most cost-effective method for this purpose, notwithstanding road salt's potential for environment harm and damage to roadways, sidewalks and vehicles.
Replication. The experimental design used in this study was shown to be a key factor in contributing to the successful outcome of the study and it was also shown to be a cost-effective and straightforward method for conducting the research that used readily available...
As the road is being laid the fumes from the chemical materials and the concussive force of the construction equipment are devastating to local wildlife (Forman & Alexander, 1998). The result, is displaced organisms which ultimately put increased pressure for food, land, and water on other ecosystems. The extent of these ripple effects are still yet to be fully known. In instances where above or below ground water supplies must
Floods are an overflow of water that submerges land and usually happen because of a large amount of rainfall, saturated soil, and/or the capacity of the body of water is exceeded: Often floods are seasonal in nature, coming after Spring rains. Floods also occur in rivers, when flow exceeds capacity in certain areas of the river channel. Floods have impacted society for centuries because people like to live near water and water transportation. In
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