The focus of the article is upon the unique constitution and needs of the elderly, not upon herpes zoster or influenza as a national phenomenon particular to the United States. However, all of the studies it cites are based in the United States, and RSV has been primarily studied as a phenomenon occurring in the U.S. The prevalence of nursing homes in the United States might also make the article more relevant to U.S. practitioners, and the regulatory and drug treatments it discusses are particular to North American, such as the FDA.
Supporting evidence: What scientific evidence does the author(s) present to support his or her claims?
The article's most conclusive evidence is found in its treatment of influenza. It notes that in the 40% to 60% of elderly patients in whom the influenza vaccine produces the desired immunity, an effective immune response can be mounted within 10 to 14 days after vaccination. Also, reflecting its national orientation, it notes that studies in the U.S. show that influenza vaccination consistently decreased frequencies of congestive heart failure, hospitalization for respiratory disease and death from any cause in elderly adults. Additionally, vaccination of the elderly in long-term care facilities is associated with decreased risk of pneumonia and death.
Its discussion of shingles is less conclusive in its prescriptions, other than the assertion that patients should avail themselves of the FDA approved drugs that are least apt to produce side effects. Its discussion of RSV is also quite brief. This may be due to the fact that RSV a relatively recently discovered cause of lower respiratory tract infection in elderly patients, which is treated with primarily supportive treatment such as rest and fluids....
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cyanotic & Barrel-Chested: Cyanosis is a discoloration of the lips, nail bed, eyes, and/or palms (Potter, Perry, 1997). During the nursing assessment, the nurse inspects the patient according to the assessment chart, which includes the category of 'color'. Cyanosis is the appearance of a bluish discoloration (Potter, Perry, 1997) effecting the aforementioned parts of the body. The condition of barrel chested appearance is often a sign of
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COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) year-old male -- pt known to me -- recently admitted to the ward with Non-STEMI & LVF. Discharged five days ago. Was found collapsed in his house by his niece. Duration not known. Could not get up from the floor, no chest pain/SOB. No dysuria/constipation -- ? Incontinence Pt was discharged with a package of care last week. Detailed history not available as the pt is confused and not answering any
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is actually a family of diseases affecting the respiratory system including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Primary risk factors include smoking and environmental pollutants. Therefore, most cases of COPD are preventable. According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (2011), COPD is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and according to the American Lung Association (2015), is the third leading cause of death
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder COPD COPD Diagnosis, Management, and Exacerbation Prevention The treatment objectives for chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) outlined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease are two-fold: (1) the immediate relief of symptoms and (2) the long-term management of disease (GICOPD, 2013). Patients will present in the clinic with shortness of breath, a chronic cough, or production of sputum and a complete patient history will often reveal pulmonary
Pulmonary Disease and Exercise Exercise may benefit pulmonary patients in a variety of ways. Pulmonary patients however face many unique challenges to exercising that other disease patients do not. Pulmonary disease may affect the lungs and in a variety of manners. The condition includes respiratory disorders such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis and pulmonary hypertension. In the article "Comparison of Specific Expiratory, Inspiratory, and Combined Muscle Training Programs in COPD" from Chest Journal,
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