¶ … manifestations of types of traumatic brain injury (focal, diffuse) and hemorrhage (epidural, subdural, subarachnoid)?
Focal TBI occurs as a result of some mechanical force acting on the skull (and hence the brain) or penetrating injury to the brain. The manifestations of focal TBI will depend on the particular area of the brain that is damaged (Granacher, 2007). For example, damage to the posterior portion of the left frontal lobe will typically result in problems with expressive language and executive functions, whereas damage to the posterior portion of the left temporal lobe is more likely to result in receptive language problems, naming problems, and problems with verbal memory (Granacher, 2007).
The manifestations of diffuse TBI can be quite varied such is the case of the diffuse axonal injury caused by sharing of the axons in the brain. These can range from global effects on cognition, movement, sensation and perception, to more specific problems associated with memory, attention, executive functions, and orientation. The effects of TBI can be quite variable depending on the force involved in the extent of the damage (Granacher, 2007).
Epidural hemorrhage occurs outside of the brain (between the dura matter and the skull; Granacher, 2007). Until there is significant pressure on the brain there may not be any symptoms at all; however, symptoms typically are contralateral muscle weakness, contralateral loss of vision, and dilated pupils with a downward gaze opposite side of the hemorrhage. Subdural hemorrhage involves bleeding between the dura and arachnoid matter and typically manifests itself related to the area of the brain the hemorrhage pressures. Depending on the rate of blood collection the symptoms can take weeks to appear or can appear very rapidly (Granacher, 2007). Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs between the pia and arachnoid leaders and symptoms typically include headache, dizziness, and double vision or visual loss.
2. Discuss the occurrence and causes of seizure disorders in childhood, with a focus on differential manifestations and treatments.
One of the most common causes of seizure disorders in children worldwide is neurocystircercosis which is caused by the infestation of the pork tapeworm larva, Taenia solium. The drugs albendazole and praziquantel are used extensively to treat neurocysticercosis; however, preventive health measures are the best way to manage this disease. This disease is less prevalent in industrialized nations (Engel, 2013).
Other common causes of seizures in children include infection such as meningitis, TBI, malformations of the brain, brain tumors, and genetic disorders (Engel, 2013). Seizures occurring as a result of infections are often generalized, whereas seizures that occur as a result of trauma, brain malformations, or genetic disorders can be either generalized or focal. The specific treatment will depend on the cause of the seizure, the type of seizure that needs to be treated, the child's medical history, the child's age, and potential interactions with other medications that the child must take (Engel, 2013). Treatment for seizure disorders in children such as epilepsy, seizures due to brain trauma, etc. typically consist of anticonvulsant medications combined with behavior and family interventions.
3. Compare and contrast two different central nervous system tumors commonly found in children.
More than 60% of the brain tumors and occur in children are located in the posterior fossa (cerebellum, brainstem, and the fourth ventricle; Ris & Abbey, 2010). About 20% of all brain tumors occurring in…
MTBI and Depression Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs as a result of force to the skull or brain. The probability of receiving a TBI is increased if one is participates in a number of sports such as professional football in the National Football League (NFL) and in a number of vocations such being in the military. The results of a TBI include a number of cognitive and emotional symptoms (McCrea, 2008).
Essay Topic Examples 1. The Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) on Cognitive Functioning: Explores the physiological and psychological consequences of TBI, the challenges posed for recovery, and the long-term changes in cognitive abilities that can occur following such injuries. 2. Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Effect on Brain Health: Analyzes conditions such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease, examining how these diseases disrupt normal brain function and the resulting symptoms and progression of cognitive
The study also revealed that 9% of those still in active military service developed psychiatric disorders. It concluded that many of them displayed psychotic symptoms other than flashbacks and dissociative symptoms. These symptoms are essential parts of PTSD. Most of the war veterans investigated exhibited psychotic symptoms of either depressive or schizophrenia. O the PTSD patients, 9% also suffered from major depressive disorder with psychotic features, while 11% had psychotic
The study will also be important to those in the future, because scientists have not yet found ways to cure these chronic illnesses or correct some of these problems that are seen today, and therefore it stands to reason that there will be more people in the future who will have to face the same problems as those with chronic illnesses and traumatic injuries today. Scope of the Study The scope
Stroke is widely regarded one of the leading causes of deaths in the U.S. Indeed, recent statistical figures paint a grim picture with regard to the number of people who suffer a stroke in the U.S. each year. In basic terms, strokes are triggered by an interruption of blood flow into the brain. In this text, I concern myself with the physiological processes associated with stroke. In so doing, I
For example, because different etiologies require corresponding therapeutic designs and mechanisms (Spector, 2000; Steefel, 2002), specific support group makeup must consider the need to develop different strategies and methodologies for the following types of patients at a minimum if support groups are to provide equal benefit to all patients: Elderly Patients and Lifelong Laborers - This group typically presents with psychological issues in the realm of a direct link between their
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