10). The nouns could also be kinship terms like ugongo, which means "grandmother." To distinguish between the classes 1 and 1a, then the nominal morphology has to be identified. Agreement morphology is usually comprised of verbs and adjectives. The discussions of this paragraph are also relevant for class2 and class 2a. The glosses, therefore, hardly differentiate 1 and 2 from 1a and 2a.
Class 15 contains verbal nouns (Infinitives) and a few nouns. An example would be ukudla, which possess ambiguity of whether the word would mean 'to eat' which is infinitive or, 'food' which qualifies to be a really concrete noun. Due to the necessity to provide the verb stem like a separate morpheme, then the prefix will would be glossed differently from the clause' stem. An example is provided below. The default verbal agreement is used in agreement failure constructions, for instance impersonal passive. An illustration on the agreement in action is provided below, and one is expected to observe the morphology of classes 2 and 10, including the adjectives and verbs;
A -- bafana a- bancane ba- zo- zi theng -- an i- zincwadi e- Zinkulu.
2- 2.boy REL-2.small 2.SBJ- FUT- 10.OBJ- buy- FV 10-10.book REL.10-10.big.
Translation: The little boys will buy the big books.
Due to the subject abafana, which is translated to "boys," the noun found in class 2 is reflected in the agreement prefix on an adjective, abancane, meaning "small" and also subject agreements on verbs (Chandler, 2005, p.11).
Adjectives in the Zulu language
Where to categorize adjectives has always been a major issue in the previous attempts of language analysis. While Plato and Aristotle viewed an adjective to be a subsection of a verb, Alexandrians regarded adjectives to be a class under nouns. Until the medieval era, the word class for an adjective had not been reached (Posthumus, 2000, pp.3). Copulatives are formed when adjectives are elided from the initial vowel. When the concord (for the adjective) is disyllabic, mostly in class 5 of the noun table, where the concord is monosyllabic, the initial vowel provides space for the vowel i-. Therefore, forms like; izinkomo zinhle, meaning "the cattle are fine" must have been gotten from izinkomo ezinhle which means, "fine cattle." Another example is; inkosi indala, meaning "the chief is old" which was most likely derived from; enkosi endala meaning "the old chief."
For the case of adnominal stems, they can hardly be categorized on their own but are usually constituted in the grammatical construction. Nonetheless, there are three confusing reasons in the analysis of copula constructions as differentiated to adnominal steins. In the first example, both the parts: m (u) and ngim (u) are considered prefixes (such as ngimude and umfana rnude). On the other side, forms like -- de is considered adnominal steins. In the latter statement, the language element is a root and hardly a stem. Forms like ngim (u) are not regarded as a prefix, similar to m (u). For ngim (u), it consists of distinguished morphemes. One is the subject morpheme which is followed by a noun prefix which is either found in class 1 or 1a (Posthumus, 2000, pp.4). Also, copulative construction explains that the grammatical form consists of more than a word. Despite that, the form rnude is one word. Lastly, the in used in class 9 of nouns is a derivation of copula constructions, which is a prefix. The form, therefore, constitutes the subject morpheme i- then followed immediately by n- which is a true prefix, hence is hardly a single prefix. The Zulu adjectives are hence in a separate class of words and should be recognized as a category of "adjectives," comprising real adjectives, enumerative and relatives (Posthumus, 2000, pp.5). Words are, therefore, to be allocated into word categories in relation to distributional, phonological and morphological considerations. Other scholars like Van consider the so-called adjective to be a word group, which will comprise two words (Posthumus, 2000, pp.7). Words vided below;
u- ku- cula
15-15- sing
Translation: to sing.
The 17th class could be defined as non-productive. The class is locative and usually uses the prefix ku-. Essentially, the importance of this class 17 is the fact that the verbal agreement is defaulted for instance like imbi which has the subject morpheme i- is basically an autonomous word that is to be referred to as participles.
Prepositional and adverb phrases (in Zulu)
A preposition could be defined as a set of items preceding noun phases to compose one constituent of structure. Evidently, the second layer inflectional prefixes found in Zulu nominals are compatible with the provided...
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