Even here, however, some points of continuity with other research can be found.
The authors ultimately maintain that criminal behavior arises out of a failure to meet the standards of normal behavior in society, and that the image of the "career criminal" is a misleading research concept as all who exhibit consistent criminal patterns are essentially incapable of maintaining the intellectual and conscious through-line of a "career" (Gottfredson & Hirschil 1986). Though other findings suggest that rehabilitation is more possible than these conclusions indicate, even a minor adjustment in Gottfredson & Hirschil's (1986) theory makes it compatible with these other findings: if learning can continue in adulthood, than the persistent "incapabilities" of career-oriented behavior can eventually be taught these capabilities. Though the theories of Gottfredson & Hirschil (1986: 1990) and Sampson & Laub (1990; 1992; 1998) are incompatible as stated, their findings are not actually as mutually exclusive as is presented in the published results of their research.
Conclusion
Ultimately, there appear to be factors in...
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