This setting creates the best learning environment because the children know their boundaries but are able to participate in the decision-making process. In addition, the teacher can improve instruction by generating feedback about lesson delivery and instructional techniques from his or her students.
Question 3: Assessment
Standardized testing is a major issue in education today. According to Chen (2009), this problem will not be going away any time soon. Under President Bush and the No Child Left Behind act, teachers were required to give their students standardized testing in specific subject areas. Many of Obama's supporters had hoped that he would rescind the act. Instead, President Obama has indicated that state governors must "pledge to improve the quality of standardized tests and raise standards" (Chen 2009).
Some advocates of standardized testing believe that the testing is necessary to ensure teacher accountability. Others feel that it is important to use these tests to determine how well schools and districts are performing. However, there are also many arguments against standardized testing. First, the United States is the only country in the world that relies mainly on standardized tests to track performance. Most of the other developed nations use performance based assessments such as writing samples or projects to showcase learning (Fair Test, 2007). Teachers feel that most of their time is spent teaching to the test and that there is little authentic learning that takes place inside classrooms. The tests are geared towards middle-class learners, so low income and minority students often score significantly lower than their middle class counterparts. Finally, the tests are often used within schools for screening...
Social Cognitive Theory and Stress Management Social cognitive theory hypothesizes that people learn through observation: by examining their environment and seeing the behavior of others, people can then determine for themselves how best to adjust their behavior. Health educators and instructional designers often incorporate social cognitive theory into training when a learning outcome is behavioral change (Baranowski, Perry, & Parcel, 2002). Since the late 1990s, studies increasingly have addressed the impact of
The individual component of personal identity is represented in the older, early acquired traits (Cerulo, 1997). In a given time and social situation, certain components of personality are mobilized in action, while other components are temporarily subordinated. With a change in time and group situation, a shift of emotional integration occurs with a corresponding shift of integration into another social role; that is, other components of the self are moved
Teaching methods tend to be highly structured and teacher directed. Bandura's theory suggests an alternative form of classroom practice with respect to fostering student agentic self-regulation. Under typical developmental conditions young children acquire rudimentary agentic capability through everyday participation in sociocultural events and contexts. The development of agentic self-regulation by students can be developed through active engagement within richly furnished curricular settings with the support of teachers who encourage student
Social Cognitive Theory THE CLASSROOM AS A SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Major Components and Theorists This theory is a concept or view, which focuses on learning by observing others (Hurst, 2014). It has three major components or assumptions. The first is that learners can obtain new knowledge or learn new behaviors by observing a model. A model is someone who shows a certain behavior or transmits knowledge to another or others. The second assumption or
Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory The concept of the self has been addressed by many psychology theorists. Self-concept and self-esteem are considered to be the feelings and constructs that people experience in relation to themselves. The idea that self-concept and self-esteem are closely linked to people's abilities to deal with changes and issues in their lives -- and to provide some measure of control over what happens to them -- is documented
Self-Regulation Bandura understands that the development of self is influenced by the environment but that the individual also has significant responsibility of determinism that makes the individual responsible for his or her behaviors. According to Boeree self-regulation is absolutely essential to behavior control and provides the backbone of human personality. Boeree describes the three steps that Bandura suggests that contribute to self-regulation; self-observation, or the process of observing our own behavior
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