Columbia
Example number two looks closely into the successes and failures the indigenous groups had in the country of Columbia. The country of Columbia has a robust 81 distinct indigenous groups and has been financially and legally dominated via a two party system made up of Liberals and Conservatives (Van Cott, 2003). The strength and stability of the two party system kept any new 3rd or indigenous parties from being formed. A constitution was resurrected in 1991 so that Columbia could begin the process of weakening the stranglehold of the Liberal and Conservative parties (Van Cott, 2003).
The newly invoked constitution detailed five ways in which legislation would help the indigenous political parties. First, there was a creation of a single district for the National Constituent Assembly elections and the National senate, which would allow 3rd and indigenous parties to become electable (Van Cott, 2003). Next, the constitution legislated for two new seats to be created in the national senate providing the indigenous party members financial and media resources that never existed in the past (Van Cott, 2003). Third the constitution provided legislation in the form of financial support and free access to the state and news...
The fourth legal step was to eliminate the mandate that crippled 3rd party participation in elections (Van Cott, 2003). Finally, the new legislation invoked a system of decentralization. These five legislative changes were meant to benefit every 3rd and indigenous parties and their members; however, the impact has not had the success that was originally planned because of acts of political violence such as assassinations and threats (Van Cott, 2003).
Conclusion
In short, the recognition of ethnic and indigenous political parties in Latin America has happened with mixed results. In one case, the Country of Bolivia has had more success because of a change in leadership and Morales' shift of financial resources that have strengthened the indigenous political parties. In the second case, the country of Columbia passed a new constitution and has legally tried to politically challenge their two party system with more 3rd party and indigenous groups gaining access to electability; but the laws have had little success because of an increased amount of political violence.
References
BBC news- profile: Bolivia. (2011, January). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12166905
Van Cott, D.L. (2003). Institutional change and ethnic parties in South America. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/3176978
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