What was particularly ironic was that soccer had always been a game for whites only: blacks were specifically not included.
Of course, the movie had a happy ending when South Africa won the World Cup. But the World Cup didn't completely change South Africa. There is still high violence, prompted by economic conditions and a newly released set of citizens. A high percentage of residents also have Aids, another very serious problem. But Archbishop Tutu points out that the TRC methods of dealing with the violence were not the traditional way to justice, but an older and deeper vision of justice. In South Africa the violators of human rights do not face criminal trials. Instead, perpetrators engage in confessions, and reconciliation between the victims and the victimizers is achieved by means of public hearings of apology and forgiveness. Probably, efforts towards reconciliation have their own side effects -- moral and
But so far, twenty-two countries have already established truth and reconciliation commissions based on the South African experience.
Archbishop Tutu also has said that one issue that needs to be resolved is the matter of amnesty. Some people believe that amnesty encourages a belief that all blame is dissolved and that justice will be sacrificed. But this is not the case. Tutu explained that with TCR, the applicant must admit responsibility in public, and public disclosure can bring shame to the perpetrator. Amnesty is not justice if it is considered punitive. There is another kind of justice -- a restorative justice focused on correcting imbalances, restoring broken relationships, healing, harmony, and reconciliation. It is in the spirit of traditional African "ubontu." Unlike the justice the Nuremberg paradigm represents, this new concept of justice focuses on the experience of victims and helps to rehabilitate both victims and perpetrators. It can break the cycle of punishment in Bosnia and Kosovo. Perhaps in a world without punishment, conflicts such as those would never happen again.
Bibliography
http://www. Desmond Tutu -- Peace Foundation. April 19, 2010.
http://www. Nuremberg Trial.
Yeager, General Chuck. Yeager. New York: Bantam Books, 1906.
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