S.A., France and Great Britain). Collapse of empire, revolution, which resulted in creation of Weimar republic and adoption of new Weimar constitution only turned the situation from bad to worse in some few years. Hyperinflation, unemployment and poverty supplemented by the sense of humiliation and frustration of a former strong and proud nation, led to the spread of radical leftist political ideas of ultra-nationalism. This ideology was mainly propagandized by German national socialist party of Adolph Hitler, which received wide support among former soldiers, officers and oligarchy, who were interested in stabilization of economy and state control over prices and protectionism. Italy participated in WWI on the side of Allies, but outcomes of war were not victorious for the country. It had an outstanding debt to France, the U.S.A. And Great Britain. Militarisation of industry was followed by after war economical stagnation and recession, which turned into high unemployment and crisis. Immigration rate during after war years was very slow, which only deepened unemployment situation. Government's measures to improve economical situation were unsuccessful, which resulted in the raising of socialist and nationalist ideas among working class. Ideas of socialism were very close for the majority of Italian...
Fascist party of Benito Mussolini gained high popularity among workers, it was also subsidized by oligarchy, who wanted a country with strong government which would guarantee economical stability and which would protect national monopolies.
" The consolidation of the nation-states meant first the union of pre-existing states, and second the creation of new ties between the government and the governed. Seton-Watson traces the beginnings of the trend toward the formation of a German nation some four or five centuries before it actually occurred, and he notes that such things as the religious wars of the sixteenth century retarded any progress in this direction. After
[footnoteRef:5] Although Cavour could not pursue Napoleon III to continue war with Austria due to Napoleon III facing pressure domestically and abroad, there were long-term gains made by him. Kingdom of Piedmont was recognized by many world powers. Pope's power along with hat of Austrians was significantly reduced after wars in 1950s and 60s. Nonetheless, it was due to the valor of Giuseppe Garibaldi that enabled the unification to be
From the end of the War to the early 1950s, the Bank of Italy was credited for attracting and managing international aid, which helped bring the country out of a steep state of emergency and on the path of reconstruction. International aid came from Interim Aid, the Marshall Plan and the World Bank (Einaudi). Italy's Technical Redesign A substantial part of Italian construction legacy was destroyed during World War II and
Italian Unification Process Compared to German Unification Throughout the course of history, Italy and Germany were often considered to be pawns of the major European powers. This is because both regions were effectively divided into a series of city states. Each one had spheres of influence that impacted who were the most dominant. At the same time, countries such as: Britain, France, Spain and Austria Hungary were aggressively controlling territory inside
German unification occupies a significant place in the history of this great European power. Otto Von Bismarck, once the prime minister of Prussia, is responsible for single-handedly engineering this unification through clever strategies and creative tactics. The paper sheds light on the role of this German Chancellor in the unification of Germany. ROLE OF BISMARCK IN GERMAN UNIFICATION Germany has seen and experienced more than its fair share of troubles, wars and
As Metternich was forced to resign, the German princes hastened to make peace in order to avoid political experiments like the ones that were developed by the republicans and socialists in France. They introduced, by appointing liberal ministers, civic and political reforms, guaranteeing the powers of the legislature and citizen rights. However, the most important step was the attempt to achieve political unification, by founding a National Assembly that would
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