Abdal-Hakim Murad, in his "Bin Laden's Violence is a Heresy Against Islam," generally makes the point that violence against civilians and innocents is not in accordance with Islamic scholarship or tradition. According to Murad, it was a 19th century Iranian reformer called "the Bab" who "ignored the accumulated discussion of the centuries and wrote a Koranic commentary based on his own direct understanding of scripture." (Murad) Over time, Murad asserts that this led to many Muslim groups ignoring Islamic tradition and making their own pronouncements on what the Koran means. One of these groups were the Wahhabi Muslims of Saudi Arabia, who traditionally have been considered "heretics" by mainstream Islamic scholars, but with the influx of oil money in the 1960's, began to export this extreme view of Islam around the world. Because of their seeming ability to decide the meaning of the Koran, Muslims who follow this type of theology can be aroused to anger by their perceptions of the actions of the Americans and their Allies and "read their own frustrations into the text." (Murad) It also allows them to ignore Islamic tradition and seize direct control of political power, become the government, not just guiding it. When one compares the philosophies of Bin Laden and Qutb with Murad, they seem to be in complete disagreement. Murad maintains that it is traditional Islamic scholarship that should decide how to interpret the Koran, while both Bin Laden and Qutb interpret the Koran as they see fit. Qutb and Bin Laden represent the modern view of personal interpretation, while Murad remains with the traditional view that the scholars know best. Murad claimed that Al Qaeda's proclamations read more like a "list of Anti-American grievances," than a theological discussion. (Murad) And he may be correct, Bin Laden's statement "Urging Jihad against Jews and Christians"...
According to Murad, because Bin Laden and Qutb do not respect the wisdom of centuries of Islamic scholarship, they allow their personal grievances to seep into their theology, twisting it into a violent and ultimately un-Islamic way of life.
Business Ethics Changes in U.S. Business Ethics Practices Changes in U.S. Business Ethics Practices Since Sep 11, 2001 The incident of 9/11 made the world pass though many sad and undesirable changes. One of such changes is declining rate of ethical considerations in U.S. based commercial organization. The subject is important to explore as it is likely to affect the image of U.S. business organizations. Furthermore, it is also expected that U.S. literature
Apparently, Islamic terrorists are the media marketing executives. Once more, the tendency is to project American viewpoints and values on to supposed Islamist enemies. The same individuals and groups that are utterly alien to America's most cherished beliefs are also masters of manipulating Americans' views of themselves and of using the media to their own advantage. The idea that Islamist groups might possess some sort of legitimate grievance, or might be
Islamic Jihad and Homeland Security The United States of America is recognized as the world's only superpower. There is no other country, which can match its military might. The United States of America's history changed forever after the events of September 11, 2001. Two aircraft crashed into the world trade center in New York 3000 Americans were killed in the 9-11 attacks. No one expected an event of such a huge
Aristotle's elements of honor state: "The elements of honour are: sacrifices, memorials both in verse and without metre, rewards, sanctuaries, precedence, tombs, statutes, public maintenance, barbarian practices, such as genuflection and standing back, and gifts, which are valued by all recipients. Indeed, a gift is a surrender of property and an indication of status, which is why it is sought by the mercenary and the ambitious, providing as it does
Question 5: Since the events of September 11th, terrorism has been a crucial concern for Americans specifically, and the global society in general. As Wilkins (2005) notes, although it is generally agreed to be justifiable to commit violence in the act of self-defense against aggressors, many of the victims of terrorism are innocent of any crime, and that the question of "collective guilt" must come into play when determining the justification for
And just as different divisions of Christianity are more or less fundamentalist in their interpretation of religious texts and traditions, different divisions of Islam are more or less strict. The most fundamentalist version of Islam, one that is primarily associated with Saudi Arabia, is Wahhabism. Muslims who follow this minority version of Sunni believe that they are the only true Muslims and that other branches of Islam are illegitimate
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