Muslims made huge advances in military might, the sciences, and the arts. However, the different factions of Islam haunted the religion, even in the Golden Age of its existence. Gregorian then goes to explore the territorial dispute which led to the centuries of fighting with Christian nations in what was known in the West as the Crusades. However, it was not the Christian Westerners who did the most damage to the Muslim strongholds but barbaric Mongols who eventually ended the Golden Age of Islam. The rise of the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century revived the greatness of the Muslim tradition. The modern era, with the culmination of the Industrial Revolution, later diminished the grandeur and power of the various Muslim empires in the Middle East and Asia. With this decline many empires which, were once powerful, then had to deal with European colonization in an era of imperialism. After the European powers abandoned their colonies, many Islamic nations faced the hardships of rebuilding their communities. Many nations implemented strict religious-based laws to re-establish themselves apart from Western influence. The concept of jihad, or the holy war, first emerged with the Ottoman Empire with the dawn of World War I. Ancient rivalries re-emerged on a more global scale with the technological advances of World War I. The Ottoman Empire was eventually defeated, but the resentment never disappeared. In recent years, there have been major divisions in traditional, conservative Muslim nations, and more liberal ones. The later half of the twentieth century saw many conservative Muslim states begin violent campaigns against Western powers that were thought to be poisoning the Islamic religion. Many nations experienced extreme religious revivals...
Recent terrorist attacks according to many scholars, show the desperation of isolated nations to preserve their ancient heritage in an increasingly globalized world. Many leaders have been abusing religious ideologies as a way to gain power. In today's modern world, ancient rivalries still haunt the world in the dawning of the twenty-first century.
Islamic Civilization Islam, as a religion, has been adopted and is practiced by a variety of different ethnic groups and cultures around the world; and each ethnic group has had an influence on Islamic culture. As Islam spread out from its home in Arabia, the followers of Mohammed were joined by a number of different ethnic groups who adopted Islam. From Spain to Persia, India to Indonesia, Islamic Civilization is a
The new and ancient technology that was being imported from Middle East together with the turn to rebirth Europe was a representation of one of the greatest transfer in the field of technology to have been recorded in history (Wallace, 56). Conclusion The Muslims specialized a lot in the sciences that existed and civilizations reliable with Islam and established them. All this was accomplished thanks to the Islamic conditioning and conscious
Iconography: In many ways, the iconography left behind at the Dome of the Rock for our evaluation provides only partial insight into the events that inspired it. We are left to interpret this based on the historical knowledge and immediate evidence available to us. According to Rabbat, "Muslims around the world believe it was built to commemorate a decisive event in the Prophet Muhammad's mission, namely his Night Journey from Mecca
Islam and the West The author of Islam and the West, Bernard Lewis, has an extensive background in the study of Islam. He has both a B.A. And Ph.D. In history from the University of London. His B.A. emphasizes the Near and Middle East, and his Ph.D. focused on the history of Islam. He did additional graduate work at the University of Paris. He taught for many years at the University
The display of the various religious artwork effectively served to reinforce the fact that such faith was the governing power in the land, which the church itself reflected merely in its principle usage as a house of worship. The Hagia Sophia served a similar purpose, as it was built during one of the periods of devastation inflicted upon the Hagia Irene and was also viewed as a symbol of
An important influence on Renaissance architecture was the Dome of the Rock, famous for its spatial harmony, balance and overall perfection. . . . The Dome of the Rock is basically a Byzantine building [with] classical columns, topped by arches in alternating black and white marble, the dome, and the gold and semi-precious mosaics that decorate the walls all speak of Byzantine heritage" (p. 119). Some scholars, though, have argued
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