¶ … Distraction vs. Competition on Performance
People work best in a quiet environment. A little competition is a good thing. These two tenets have been the pillars upon which the modern school and office have been built. A recent study conducted in a Psychology Research Methods Lab seeks to determine which of these conditions has a greater effect on individual performance.
Several studies have shown that the introduction of noise into an environment has a negative affect on recall. Early examinations of the effects of noise on performance emphasized intensity of sound over other characteristics. However, more recent studies have demonstrated that "the disruptive effect of irrelevant sound on performance is in fact independent of the level of sound." (Jones, 1999) In fact, performance can decline between 30 and 50%, even if the individual is not paying attention to the sounds around them (Jones, 1999).
Conversely, the positive effects of competition are not so widespread. Studies have indicated that intrinsic motivation, of which competition can be one, does affect performance (Oldham, 1996). Other studies, however, seem to indicate that competition only has a positive effect on the performance of individuals with high confidence in their ability (Bergen, 1995).
Based on this background, it is hypothesized that the combination of noise and competition will have an overall negative impact on individual performance. This hypothesis is based on the fact that the negative effects of introducing noise into an environment are widespread while the possible benefits of competition are limited to specific types of individuals (Bergen, 1995)
Bibliography
Bergen, David A. Effects of mastery vs. competitve motivation situation on learning. Vol. 63, Journal of Experimental Education, June, 1, 1995 pp. 303.
Jones, Dylan. The cognitive psychology of auditory distraction: The 1997 BPS Broadbent Lecture Vol. 90 pt, British Journal of Psychology, May 1, 1999.
Oldham, Greg R., & Cummings, Anne. Employee creativity: personal and contextual factors at work. Vol. 39, Academy of Management Journal, June 6, 1996, pp. 607.
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