¶ … post-World War II reconstruction was essential because of the housing shortage and harsh economic conditions in the United States. In response to the post-war economic recession, the Case Houses Program was organized to design housing units for the middle-class American families, and the building materials were targeted to achieve the construction goal using the steel framing to build the structure[footnoteRef:1]. Typically, the program encouraged the designers and architects to use low costs and modern housing prototype to design house for the American community. For example, the Case Study House 21 that was completed in 1959 integrated the new concept and adopt new building technologies to the construction process.[footnoteRef:2] Despite the success of the Case House Program to the American community, the program was less attractive to the mass construction market because the glass and steel houses were new to the American people. [1: Smith, Elizabeth. Case Study Houses The Complete CSH Program 1945-1966. Taschen. 2009.] [2: Art and Architecture. The Case House Program. 2010. Art and Architecture Magazine.]
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the Case study house 21 of Los Angeles discussing the innovation and challenges in the construction process.
Innovation and Challenges of the Case House Program 21
The Case House 21 Los Angeles was designed by Pierre Koenig and represented the innovative experiment that conceived the modern and middle century architectural design. To design the house, Pierre Koenig used the pre-fabricated elements assembled on the site that represented a development of the steel housing architectural refinement of the time. Pierre Koenig used the readily available steel materials to design a carefully conceived house. The technology used to develop the house consisted of the steel and glass wall was integrated with steel ceiling[footnoteRef:3]. The house was different from the traditional overhanging ceiling because it protects the occupants from the California heat. In the southern part of the house, installed are the cooling shades, and sun control that provided the feeling of privacy. [3: Jackson, Neil. Pierre Koenig: 1925-2005: Living with Steel. Los Angeles: TASCHEN, 2007 ]
Moreover, the Case study house 21 was surrounded by water that introduced a new concept in the design of the housing structure, which delivered the esthetical beauty. Pierre Koenig considered water as being very critical to the project, thus, he used the hydraulic technology to pump water to the roof from the water pool. The water also provided the fountain effect as well as delivering the iconic looking effect to the building. The water also had the decorative function that amplifies the house profile as well as creating a peaceful atmosphere to the surrounding.[footnoteRef:4] [4: Ibid Smith, Elizabeth. 2009.]
Koenig introduced the concept of water in the design to amplify the clean environment and added to the aesthetic and serenity beauty of the building. Moreover, the water played a critical role in enhancing a reflection for both the architecture and nature. Since, it is generally hot in Los Angeles, the water assists in cooling the house. Koenig also considered using the water as the natural ventilation for the house[footnoteRef:5]. [5: Ibid Jackson, Neil. Pierre Koenig: 1925-2005]
Additionally, the water heating system and two bathrooms are located at the center of the house, and the baths are accessible from all the rooms allowing the lights into the kitchen and the living areas. These effects made the Case House 21 project to represent a unique architectural planning. Moreover, Koenig used the red brick steel frame for the office patio, entrance pad, walkway between the kitchen and carport. The pebble gravel also adjoins the reflection ponds provides a high level of integrity for the house[footnoteRef:6]. [6: Banham, Reyner, and Thomas Hine. Blueprints for Modern Living: History and Legacy of the Case Study Houses. Ed. Elizabeth A.T. Smith. New York: MIT P, 1999.]
Moreover, the project was designed with 8" steel beams, 22' long with 10' space apart. The living portion of the house was 30' x 44' with two columns in the interior. Koenig also used the steel roof to achieve the maximum efficiency. Completed in 1959, the case housing programs represented the immaculate and cleanest development in the small contemporary housing environment. The glass and steel used to build the house were incredible light, and glass exterior and opaque interiors are slide opened to the sweet Hollywood Hills air. The house was beautiful, affordable and envisioned the prototype of a modern housing unit. The combination of steel and water was the theme of the house, the bedrooms communicate with one another through the passage closed to the storage wall and the sliding door[footnoteRef:7]....
Csh 21, La: Challenges and Innovations in Its Construction Case Study House 21, LA. Challenges and Innovations in Its Construction The Case Study House 21 (Bailey House) epitomizes an icon in the Case Study program. It was implemented as a visionary project aimed at re-establishing the modern living that was implemented by John Entenza for arts and architecture magazine. After its completion in 1959, Arts and Architecture appreciated it as one of
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