Fortunately, there are tests that can be conducted to help determine whether an infant has IRDS so that treatment can begin. These tests include an analysis of the blood gases, x-rays of the chest, studies of lung function, and blood cultures to rule out other issues, such as sepsis and infection, that may also cause respiratory distress in infants, especially if they are premature (www.nlm.nih.gov,2004). As for treatment for IRDS, premature and other high-risk infants require a very prompt treatment by pediatric resuscitation teams. High humidity and oxygen concentrations are the first thing given to an infant suffering from IRDS. Those that have only mild symptoms are simply given supplemental oxygen. Those that have much more severe symptoms are placed on a ventilator, not only to ensure that they receive enough oxygen, but also to provide enough pressure to keep their lungs inflated. Sometimes, a lung surfactant made from an artificial chemical is sent through an endotracheal tube directly into the lungs of an infant...
Doing this has been shown to either prevent or improve the course of IRDS. There has been a lot of research done on these artificial surfactants, and studies have shown that they do reduce the possibility of death and the number of deaths in premature infants that suffer from IRDS. Because there can be long-term complications from IRDS if it is not treated, it is important to watch newborns, especially those at higher risk, very carefully for signs of IRDS (www.nlm.nih.gov,2004).
Here, the research suggests that "cardiac depression may also cause fluid to back up into the pulmonary system, resulting in pulmonary edema" (Aucoin, 2011, p 12). Moreover, increasing releases of aldosterone can also cause the body to retain fluid and sodium which can lead to endothelial dysfunction and organ fibrosis (Hobbs & Boyle, 2010). Other Systems Along with other systems, there is an impact on the thyroid as well when examining
Pathophysiology of Pain Pain is a physical manifestation of something being wrong within the body. Pain is an indicator of an injury or of a physical illness. Often, it is one of the first indicators that there is something wrong with the health of the patient and anyone experiencing pain should seek medical attention. Acute, chronic, and referred pain are three very different things but are often confused, even by medical
Pathophysiology of Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease The author provides a comprehensive overview of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, including discussions about what is generally known about the disease with regard to heritability, disease progression, and risk factors. Findings from relevant studies on the association of LOAD with genotypes, cellular processes, and patterns of brain deterioration are provided. Brief discussions of pharmacological treatments and future research are included. Key words: Alzheimer's, late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is
Bibliography Fenton, Drew Evan (2010) Myocardial Infarction. eMedicine. 24 Jun 2010) Online available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/759321-overview Fletcher GF, Balady G, Blair SN, et al. Statement on exercise: benefits and recommendations for physical activity programs for all Americans: a statement for health professionals by the Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation. 1996;94:857 -- 862. [PubMed] cited in Williams, Paul T. 2010) Physical Fitness and
Diagnostic Studies In basic terms, medical and family histories act as the basis for CAD diagnosis. In this case, abnormal levels of blood proteins, glucose, cholesterol or fats are risk factors for CAD. Further, the risk of CAD is identified by recording electrical purses of the heart using an electrocardiogram. For purposes of indicating heart failure, a chest x-ray may be taken. Any injury in heart muscles can be identified through
Pathophysiology-Liver Disease The case study is of a 66-year-old man who has been drinking and smoking daily for 30 years. He admits to smoking two packs of cigarette per day and to drinking three glasses of brown alcohol daily for 30 years. Currently his family describes his behavior as erratic; he gets frustrated easily and gets quite aggressive at times. He visited his family doctor after a recent episode of hematemesis
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