¶ … Inequalities Are Made and Remade South Wales The objective of this work is to examine the way that inequalities are made and remade in South Wales. As this study will relate, there are inherent inequalities in South Wales both historically and traditionally. The work of Winckler (2009) entitled "Equality Issues in Wales: A Research Review" that statistics on equality in Wales is based on measurements relating to race, gender, disability, age, sexual orientation, and religion. The report states that there are 10,000 refugees and 2,500 asylum seeker in Wales, in addition to 2,000 Gypsy Travelers. Men are outnumbered by women. 29% of the population is 60 years old or older. An approximate 27% of the adult population is disabled.

Poverty and Social Exclusion

Winckler states that sufficient evidence exists to make the conclusion that ethnic minority groups along with individuals who are disabled and children and young people as well as older people "experience poverty and social exclusion to a greater extent than other groups." (2009) The report additionally states findings that an approximate "26% of children and 18 per cent of pensioners live in income-poor households, with a smaller but still substantial proportion of both groups also lacking 'necessities'." (Winckler, 2009) The report states that those likely to have no savings includes "Older people, households with dependent children and some female age groups…" (Winckler, 2009) Those most likely to have access to credit and to be able to use credit includes younger people and men. (Winckler, 2009) The report states that a poverty of fuel "…is concentrated amongst vulnerable groups which include households with an older person, child, or disabled person." (Winckler, 2009) Older people were found to be much less likely...

" (Winckler, 2009)
II. Inequalities in Access to Transport

Stated as well is that disabled individuals "…face particular difficulties accessing services whilst the issues for young people are time and transport." (Winckler, 2009) Ethnic minorities are reported along with women, disabled people, older people, children and young people to be reliant on public transport as they generally lack access to a private car. Buses are hard to utilize for women with children, older adults, and individuals who are disabled.

III. Health Inequalities

In a separate work, entitled "Measuring Health Inequalities in New South Wales" Moore and Jorm (nd) report that inequality in health in South Wales is found to be related to "demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic factors." (p.1) The report states that women "have a longer life expectancy than men, although this difference is decreasing. Between 1965 and 1998, life expectancy at birth steadily increased from67.1 to 76.5 years for males and from 73.7 to 81.9 years for females." (Moore and Jorm, 2009) Moore and Jorm additionally report on health inequalities by residence and state that measurement of health inequalities associated with geographic remoteness 'has been facilitated by the development of the Accessibility-Remoteness Index for Australia (ARIA)" on the basis of road distance traveled from major service centers." ( ) Stated as examples of inequalities demonstrated by analysis by ARIA include the following:

(1) In 1994-1998 death rates from ischemic heart disease increased progressively with increasing remoteness. By contrast, hospital separation rates for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) showed a less consistent pattern, with…