Especially in major centers, the majority of at-risk adolescents are Latino and African-American youth (Yanvey, 1992). Yancey (1992) examined identity development among ethnic minority adolescents in the foster care system. This researcher explained how the occurrence of societal problems, such as unintentional pregnancy, childbearing, substance abuse, underachievement, discontinuation of education at an early point, homelessness, and dependency on social service and mental health resources was disproportionately pronounced among ethnic minorities. In regards to ethnic minority youth in the foster care system, Yancey (1992; p.819) "postulated that their social maladaptation is reflective of identity disturbances created by the negative images of African-Americans and Latinos perpetuated by the dominant society and unfiltered by optimal parental racial socialization." This statement expresses the profound influence that society's attitudes can have on the identity development of ethnic adolescents, and indicates a direction in which interventions could improve the racial socialization practices among parents.
The effect that parents have on the identity development of Latino and African-American adolescents was investigated by Hughes (2003). Two dimensions of racial socialization, cultural socialization and preparation for bias, were examined. Results indicated no significant differences between the ethnic groups with regard to frequency of cultural socialization, but African-American parent were found to report more frequent preparation for bias. These findings may indicate that African-American adolescents may have expectations for discrimination embedded in their identity development due to their racial socialization by their parents (Hughes, 2003).
The influence of ethnic identity on drug use among ethnic minority adolescents was examined by James et al. (2000). The findings of the study indicated that white adolescents scored lower in ethnic identity than African-American and Hispanic adolescents. However, high levels of ethnic identity were associated with heavy drug use. Furthermore, substance abuse is related to higher levels of ethnic identity, which is apparent among Hispanic and African-American adolescents more so than white adolescents....
Introduction According to Phinney and Alipuria (1987), ethnic self-identity is the sense of self that an individual feels; being a member of an ethnic group, along with the behavior and attitudes with that feeling (p. 36). The authors point out that the development of ethnic identity is an evolution from the point of an ethnic identity that is not examined through an exploration period, so as to resonate with a specified
Abstract This paper addresses the significance of ethnic or cultural identity. It deals with the identity of socially advantaged as well as disadvantaged groups and my relation to them. Additionally, it highlights the significance of the self-identity concept. The Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI), put forward by Smith, Sellers, Shelton and colleagues (1998), has been utilized to address all of the above aspects. The paper further explains the model, applying
Identity Formation: Racial Stereotyping Nell Bernstein's Goin' Gangsta, Choosin' Cholita essentially illustrates how teens are discarding their own identities and consequently, claiming those that they prefer. This preferred-identity-adoption culture is most prevalent in the state of California; a factor that has been attributed to the great race diversity in the said state. Bernstein makes use of various teens in California to illustrate this point. April is one such teenager; she is
In this sense, "During the 1950s and 1960s, especially after the falling-out between China and the former Soviet Union, the Chinese government actively relocated Han Chinese to frontier provinces such as Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang, in order to consolidate the border in light of possible military threat from the Soviets" . Therefore, the decision to intervene in the ethnic composition of the region was not only a choice related
The practices significantly support the development of the immigrant children. The research indicates of the children experiencing interactions that are complex. This is with the respective peers when engaging in creative activities inclusive of gross motor and language arts (Donald et al., 2007). The creative activities reflect on open-ended aspects with the resultant stratification in shaping the initial academic progress of the immigrant children possibility. The application of the developmentally
Timmons (1994) in his study presents a three-dimensional model of practical application of a good idea: Comprehensive evaluation of the opportunity; Comprehensive evaluation of one's own expertise and inclination; and Comprehensive evaluation of the resources gathering process to maintain the launch of business venture. Long and McMullan (1984) propose that application of a good idea depends on two processes; namely, elaboration and evaluation. Singh (1998) found that those entrepreneurs who spend more
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