¶ … taxonomic status of Mystery Skull #1 is most likely Neanderthal.
The reasons for assigning the skull to this taxon are readily stated. Mystery Skull #1 looks morphologically similar to a modern human in many ways. The orbital sockets and zygomatic protrusions are similarly spaced, and the dentition is remarkably similar to that of a modern human. However there is a noticeably more pronounced brow ridge on the skull which is not reminiscent of Homo sapiens contemporary or archaic. Instead we should look at the overall shape of the skull, and we discover that it has a much flatter longer crown with less of a forehead, typical of Neanderthal skulls, rather than the higher dome of Homo sapiens. In addition to this longer and lower brain case, Mystery Skull #1 also exhibits a marked bulge at the very back, which is again typical of Neanderthals. Another tell-tale sign is the mid-facial area of the skull -- in Neandertals, this area protrudes (possibly an evolutionary adaptation to protect against cold), where it does not in Homo sapiens or Homo erectus.
Mystery Skull #1 exhibits an Index of Supra-orbital height of 60, an Index of Nuchal Area Height of 29, and an Index of Condylar Position of 78. These numbers are readily analogous to the measurements of our Neanderthal sample, in which the three indices are 67, 35, and 89. This makes Mystery Skull #1 smaller than our Neandertal sample -- perhaps a female or a juvenile -- but it is the ratios of each of these indices to each other that indicate our taxon. In particular the relatively low index of Nuchal Area compared to the other two indices helps us to rule out that this is just a Homo sapiens who just played too much football without a helmet -- only Neandertals exhibit this low ratio of Nuchal Height compared to the other two indices.
The taxonomic status of Mystery Skull #2 is Australopithecus Africanus. The reasons for assigning the skull to this taxon are fairly straightforward. The teeth on Mystery Skull #2 exhibit features which indicate an evolutionary...
Evolution of Abnormal Psychology From the 1800's To The Present The study and treatment of psychological dysfunction has evolved from early history until the present day. Prior to the 1800's, society believed deviant or abnormal behaviors were caused by supernatural forces or biological factors. Treatments for psychological problems prior to the 18th century included exorcisms and bloodletting. Early beliefs about the origins of emotional disturbances influenced public perceptions of mental illness
Additional skeletal clues referring to development are that female skeletons tend to mature faster than males, with a hardening of the cartilage occurring at a younger age, by age 18 for females and age 21 for males. This may be due to the reproductive advantage conferred on the species if a female body is strong enough to support a child in utero at an earlier age (Liu, Sartor and Nader). The
During this penultimate period of violence under Rojas, the violence that wracked Colombia assumed a number of different characteristics that included an economic quality as well as a political one with numerous assassinations taking place. These were literally contract killings there were sponsored by opposition forms. There were also horrendous genocidal acts that were carried out by gangs combined with authentic revolutionary fighting in some regions of the country. The fourth
The divisions were as such: 1. The highest class amongst the slave was of the slave minister; he was responsible for most of the slave transactions or trades and was also allowed to have posts on the government offices locally and on the provincial level. 2. This was followed by the class of temple slaves; this class of slaves was normally employed in the religious organizations usually as janitors and caretakers
The Ibaloi tribe therefore worked actively with the World Monuments Fund (2010) and the National Museum in Manila to ensure that this important part of their history and culture would not be eroded by tourism, but rather enhanced by it. Comparison In almost all other cases of mummification, internal organs are removed, while the rest of the body is mummified. For the Egyptians, this process involved placing each major organs in
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