Political Legitimacy and the Nature of Authority Throughout History
From the origins of civilization to the middle of the seventeenth century, the nature of authority does change -- but it typically changes according to the demands of the individual society. In ancient times, authority is based on a number of factors, such as military might (in Rome, Greece, Persia); but religious beliefs also play a part (the Greeks were very devoted to the gods and goddesses, for instance); and so too does the political process (in Rome, they refused to have kings for a time) and in Athens, political authority lay in the democratic process (Haaren, Poland, 2000). In the medieval age, authority is based on the combination of reason and faith and the assent of kings to the Roman Pontiff to allow the Church to have a say in the governance of Christendom, after Constantine allowed Christianity to come up from the catacombs and the pope crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor in the year 800 (Laux, 1933); and in modern times authority is based on Enlightenment science, as society moved away from the Roman Church following the Protestant Reformation and the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which essentially introduced a new secular form of government, lauded by men like Voltaire (Elliott, 2009, p. 92). This paper will used three examples from each time to express how this is so.
In ancient Greece, political legitimacy rested with the people. Athens was the location of democracy, where every...
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