Fascism and Democracy Hitler essentially seized power in Germany. The National Socialist Party was losing support among the people, and the German political system in general was in shambles. There were frequent elections, with no party able to establish a majority. Hitler made a deal with the 85-year-old President von Hindenburg to form a coalition. Hitler would be the Chancellor under this arrangement. The coalition was formed on January 30, 1933. One of the key characteristics of this coalition was that von Hindenburg was among many in Germany who were distrustful of democracy -- the people were unused to it at the time (Hawley, 2008). There was an election later that year in Germany, with the Nazis taking 43.9% of the vote. By the time the parliament was called to session following that election, however, the Nazi Party had jailed, exiled or otherwise intimidated 107 representatives of the other major parties, the Social Democrats and the Communists (Hawley, 2008). The Nazis opted not to recognize the 81 Communist seats, and by this point they had control of the parliamentary session. The Nazis promptly stripped the parliament of its power, concentrating power in the Hitler's hands (Hawley, 2008), this on March 23, 1933. Hitler made the...
When he returned after World War One, he called for a dictator to rule over Italy, which was politically-fractured. Mussolini felt that a dictatorship would allow for a more unified form of governance. He began immediately with a campaign of terror, in 1919, putting physical beatings on socialists and communists in Milan in 1919. He declared his intention to rule Italy personally in public speeches, something Hitler was hesitant to do in Germany. In 1924, Mussolini called an election, and intimidated his way to a majority mandate. He openly embraced his fascist doctrine and even adopted the critical term totalitarian that had been used by his opponents to describe his rule (CRF, 2010).
Hitler's Ideology And Propaganda All propaganda must be popular and its intellectual level must be adjusted to the most limited intelligence among those it is addressed to." Thus wrote Adolf Hitler in Mein Kampf, while serving a prison sentence in the Bavarian capital of Munich following an aborted coup that he had attempted in the fall of 1923 -- known in history as the "The Beer Hall Putsch." Another decade was
Another difference worth mentioning is also of economic nature and refers to the Great Depression of 1929-1933. While the Italian fascism emerged in the context of internal problems, the German fascism was driven by international economic crisis. The fall of the American market, the primary creditor of the defeated countries, meant that the financial resources would stop coming from across the ocean, and the economic condition was in even grater
Fascism in the Interwar Period: Fascism, similar to every sound political idea, is both thought and practice since it comprises of both a doctrine and an action. It's regarded as a doctrine since it originates from a given system of historical forces while it's an action in which a doctrine is imminent. Since it's a sound political conception, fascism is entrenched in the doctrine and works from within. Fascism is a
R.R. Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings The Lord of the Rings forms a significant part of the substantial canon of works written by the English author and academic J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973) set in his invented world of Middle Earth. It consists of three volumes: The Fellowship of the Ring (1954), The Two Towers (1954), and The Return of the King (1955). For many readers it forms, with its predecessor The
The heroic past was important for both Mussolini and Hitler and the new form of heroism the two leaders demanded from the people were to be achieved exclusively thorough war, a war destined to reclaim the rights the two countries lost following their defeat in the First World War as well as a war of expansionism. If, in order to accede to the ruling ranks of the government, Mussolini's National Fascist
rise of fascist states in Germany and Italy during the post World War I era was accompanied by similar movements in nations across the world; but most of these never achieved the same prominence. Great Britain saw the emergence of the British Union of Fascists, which gained thousands of supporters, but the organization never came to power. Largely this was for economic reasons: Britain did not suffer as severe
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