HIV Prevention Among Adolescents in Brooklyn
Intervention studies are an approach to health conditions that is being used globally. For any given community, there can be success with intervention studies, or the intervention studies can be insufficient to decrease the effect of health issues upon the community. One medical condition which has been the subject of intervention studies is HIV. While there have been numerous intervention studies of HIV, their result has been both success and failure. In this report, five intervention studies for HIV are reviewed. From these data, a new method to decrease HIV effects upon adolescents in Brooklyn is proposed.
Define HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retro-virus that can be passed from one human to another via contact with broken skin, eyes, or vaginal and/or anal tissue (HIV Basics). The process of viral growth includes reproduction, during which structural mutations may occur (HIV Basics). Unfortunately, each of these mutations may include new resistance to drug therapy that was formerly efficacious. Present HIV therapy includes pharmaceutical combinations that function via considerable slowing of the HIV organism's ability to develop resistance (HIV / AIDS)
I. PrEP, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
The intent of the PrEP intervention for HIV prevention is to offer those at high risk a daily prophylactic medication. Participants are given Truvada, which is a pharmaceutical combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir, two drugs often used in HIV-treatment. Use of Truvada can aid in prevention of permanent HIV-infection for those at risk due to sexual or drug-use via injection (PrEP).
Even for high-risk individuals, a 92% decrease in HIV-risk has been shown with consistent usage of Truvada and the PrEP intervention / however, failure to take the drug consistently makes it far less effective. While it is known that PrEP can be a powerful weapon in the arsenal against HIV, particularly if combined with condoms and other methods for HIV-prevention, it is only effective with the consent and appropriate behavior of the individual at risk. Basic requirements for the PrEP intervention program include a daily commitment to taking the pharmaceutical as well as an agreement to have a follow-up visit with a health care provider every three months (PrEP).
In the PrEP Intervention Study, participants who took the pill constantly had the lowest HIV infection/transmission risk:
A 49% reduction in risk of HIV-infection was observed for users of injection drugs who took tenofovir once daily (PrEP). A 74% decreased risk of HIV-infection was observed for study participants whose blood levels indicated they were taking tonofovir appropriately (Bangkok Tenofovir Study )
There was a 44% lower probability for those bisexual and gay...
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