Specifically, Heuer advocated the use of tools that help the thinker to "...clearly delineate their assumptions and chains of inference," and to "specify the degree and source of the uncertainty involved in the conclusions." Thus, Heuer advocated the use of analytic debate, devil's advocate arguments, brainstorming, competition between analyses, peer review and outside "points-of-view." Edward de Bono, on the other hand, specifically emphasized the value of creativity in the development of a "new way" of thinking of problems from non-logical angles -- in effect, using the creative mind to compensate for its areas of deficiency in the logical or perceptional realm.
Unfortunately, however, there are some forms of mental "problems" or analytical fallacies that are famously resistant to even the best "tools" or creative thinking -- "learned" or no. Further, because both men consider the real issue at hand to be the problem presented by the "lenses" through which the information under analysis passes, one could suppose that even one's choice of the appropriate tool is also clouded by the very same "lens." Further, if others in the same position (for instance the "peers" utilized in the peer review, debate forums, etc.), are supposed to have much of the same perceptual baggage (much of which can be expected in peer groups of similar background), one wonders if the utility of those tools is really as great as one might suppose.
Take, for example, Heuer's concept of "Analysis of Competing Hypotheses," or ACH. In this tool, many plausible hypotheses are held up to intense scrutiny or "gauntlet of testing for compatibility with available information." In this method, each possibility is tested, leaving only the strongest to survive (which are then subjected to more testing). Although some issues may seem easily solved by this method (particularly, perhaps concerning statistical fallacies), those in which more personal points-of-view can cause the greatest interference (especially in cases that...
laboratory-based practical work undertaken in this module was in relation to a case study of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, SLE. SLE is a connective tissue disorder, which is autoimmune in nature. This disease affects multiple organs and its clinical manifestation is based on its severity and the organ involved. The pathogenesis of this disease is based on antigen-antibody complexes that circulate in the blood and deposit in the smaller blood
immigrant women in Canada Several eminent authors have composed various masterpieces or performed intensive research on the bittersweet experiences as well as the treatment of immigrant women in Canada. In the following passages of our analytical research paper, we will discuss in detail a particular group, that is the Chinese and the Hong Kong women settled in Canada. Firstly this paper provides an account of the progress of the immigration
Individual and Analytical Psychological Theory The field of Psychology offers a vast network of concepts, principles, and theories to explain and describe the mental and behavioral characteristics of an individual or group. It is a science that explores biological, cognitive, social, and various other aspects of the human mind and human interaction to explain mental processes. Two theories that aim to describe the relationship between individuals and behavioral motivation are the
Macro analytical approaches of Marx and Durkheim regarding democratic republics, freedom, & equality This paper looks at the question on how the macro analytical approaches that were discussed by Marx and Durkheim are applied to the attitudes of freedom and democratic republics and how it affects the equality of society. Bibliography cites four sources How might the macro-analytical theories advanced by Marx and Durkheim help us understand the causes and consequences of
A spokesperson for Miu worked the room, introducing herself to the customers. Afterwards, she talked a little bit about the company's arrival in Dubai. "We felt that our coming to Dubai was long overdue," she noted, "but we wanted to have a strategy for entering the Middle East market overall. We see a lot of growth potential in this part of the world -- one-third of the customers at our
suitable analytical frameworks, conduct a corporate appraisal a business organisation choice. The appraisal cover business environment organisation's strategic capabilities. Orange Plc. Company information Situational analysis PESTLE Porter's Five Forces Strategic strengths and strategic challenges Orange PLC is one of the leading companies in the telecommunications industry. The organization retails mobile telephones, but its main activity is that of providing telecommunications services, including primarily mobile telephone communication services, but also internet services. The company operates in a
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