Environmental Hazards
What are toxicants and how do they affect living organisms?
According to Dr. Celine Godard, toxicants and toxins both reference substances that are toxic; however, toxins are made in nature (like in poisonous mushrooms or in the poisonous venom that snakes use to kill their prey) and toxicants are human made (Godard, et al., 2001). Examples of toxicants would be "industrial waste products and pesticides" -- along with pollutants that get into the oceans. In fact pesticide residues (toxicants) are found in the ocean, and Godard's article in the Public Broadcast Service (PBS) is about how the Ocean Alliance is researching the impacts that toxicants have on sperm whales.
Sperm whales are exposed to the pollution (toxicants) that humans allow to flow into the oceans, and the whales have a "layer of fat called blubber" beneath their skins; Godard explains that toxicants accumulate in fatty tissue and so the longer the whale lives, the more toxicants accumulate in its blubber (body). This accumulation of toxicants in a whale's body is called "bioaccumulation" -- and sperm whales are also subject to "biomagnification" (Godard, p. 2). Biomagnification is the magnifying effect that toxicants have on species as it moves...
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