The information is then transcribed into the traits and phenotypes of the offspring depending on the dominance and recessive alleles within the gene (Berg, Tymoczko, & Stryer, n.d). The egg is fertilized by the sperm from the mother and their nuclei fuses together to form a zygote. The zygote contains 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 from the father. From this combination of genes and the environmental conditions of the uterus, the traits and phenotypes of the individual are determined.
The principle of segregation for all organisms is as follows:
1. Hereditary traits are determined by specific genes. In the DNA molecule, genes are coded to specify a certain, single characteristic; this includes height, weight, eye color, etc. Any variations of the gene that correlates to the same trait are called alleles.
2. Individuals carry two genes for each trait, one from the mother's egg and one from the father's sperm. One of the genes will be dominant over the other. The dominant allele will mask the other, called the recessive allele. When the father gives a tall allele in regards to the height gene, and the mother gives a short allele, the offspring will be tall. This is because tall is dominant and short is recessive (Gene School, 2010).
Conclusions
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