¶ … gender differences in autonomic functioning and anti-social personality disorder features. Thus, the authors are not actually examining autonomic functioning in persons who have been diagnosed with anti-social personality disorder. The sample size is a small one -- one hundred undergraduates, the majority of which are white. Therefore, the results of the study have low generalizability and are basically invalid. The greatest value in the research is the fact that the authors suggest that there may be some gender differences in the way features of anti-social personality disorder find expression. These features of antisocial personality disorder include aggression. The authors validate the research by claiming that it fills gap in the literature related to anti-social personality disorder, even though the sample used in this study did not have anti-social personality disorder per se. Namely, the authors say that no published studies have examined autonomic correlates of anti-social personality disorder in women and that this research is at the very least a good start offering suggestions for future research. The authors have two hypotheses. One is that there would be a gender difference in measures called hyporeactivity and hypoactivity, in that men were predicted to have decreased responsiveness and heart rates when they exhibited more features of anti-social personality disorder. The dependent variables are measured by heart rate and other cardiac indicators. Basically, heart rate has been shown to be influenced by the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. The parasympathetic nervous system generally reduces heart rate, while the sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and is related to excitability. These two functions of the nervous system, parasympathetic, and sympathetic, function differently. The authors also use as a measure in this study something called "cardiac pre- ejection period," or PEP. PEP "refers to the time interval...
The second research hypothesis was that antisocial personality disorder features would be positively correlated with less sympathetic nervous system action and more parasympathetic nervous system action in both men and women.
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