G.E. Moore
According to G.E. Moore, Ethics is a "systematic science," that seeks to offer "correct reasons for thinking that this or that is good," (6). As a science and a rational discourse, Ethics must be based in logic and must not reflect any logical fallacies. Therefore, in sections 5-13 of Principia Ethica, Moore systematically analyzes the nature of 'good' and proves that it is logically impossible to define the term. In fact, Moore shows that one of the most common philosophical pitfalls is the attempt to define 'good,' either in absolute or relational terms. As Moore illustrates, good is indefinable because the concept is too simple and too fundamental. A definition necessarily implies a breaking down of something into relational parts; because the concept of 'good' cannot be broken down into any smaller elements, it cannot be defined logically. Because Ethics is a logical discourse, no philosopher studying Ethics can define 'good.'
Although good is indefinable, Moore ironically asserts that "how 'good' is to be defined is the most fundamental question in all Ethics," (5). Moore calls the question "What is good?" The "first question" of Ethics, and proposes that "Unless this first question be fully understood and its true answer clearly recognized, the rest of Ethics is as good as useless from the point-of-view of systematic knowledge," (5). Moore believes this for two reasons: one, because 'good,' however, indefinable, is central to the study of Ethics; and two, because Ethics is a "systematic science" dependent on logic. Interestingly, the answer to the question "What is good?" does not imply that good can be defined. Rather, the "true answer" that Moore wants his readers to recognize is that 'good' is an indefinable concept that is nevertheless the primary consideration of Ethics.
In fact, 'good' is to Ethics as 'foot' is to podiatry. However,...
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