Therefore, the certificate was the black's ultimate proof, and without it, they could never hope to live a peaceful and fulfilled life, and although the purpose of the certificates was to ensure that the blacks could move about freely, it had the opposite effect, and this was that they were more often arrested if they ventured to travel outside of their county. When they set up shops, they found that they could only sell in certain incorporated towns, and they could neither sell liquor nor groceries to whites, nor could they operate printing presses or any type of entertainment houses. By the year 1840, the state of Mississippi had its largest free black population, numbering about 1,400, of which more than a third lived in two of the state's fifty-six counties, and about 80% of the free blacks were of mixed racial ancestry. This was, in essence, the condition of blacks in American society in the years before the
(A Contested Presence, Free Blacks in Antebellum, Mississippi: 1820 -- 1860)
References
Abolitionism, Judgment Day. Retrieved From
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Davis, Dernoral. A Contested Presence, Free Blacks in Antebellum, Mississippi: 1820 -- 1860. Retrieved From http://mshistory.k12.ms.us/features/feature4/freeblacks.html Accessed on 21 March, 2005
Free Blacks Before the Civil War. 2003. Retrieved From
http://www2.worldbook.com/wc/popup?path=features/aajourney_new& page=html/aa_1_civilwar.shtml& direct=yes Accessed on 21 March, 2005
Hummel, Jeffrey Rogers. Emancipating slaves, enslaving Free Men: A History of the American Civil War. Open Court. 1996. Retrieved From http://www.friesian.com/civil.htm Accessed on 21 March, 2005
Where Did Free Blacks Come From and How Did They Obtain Their Freedom?. South Carolina's Information Highway. Retrieved From
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