Force Field Analysis is a technique developed by Kurt Lewin..Force Field Analysis is a problem solving technique based on the idea that any problem or situation is the result of forces acting on it. This technique enables one to graphically display a problem, a goal situation, and the forces that manipulate it. Furthermore this technique can be used to describe the problem, look for causes of a problem, and to get an overall sense of the whole situation. (Dale, 1978)
Force Field Analysis is a method used to get a whole view of all the forces in favor of or against a plan (make possible or obstruct a change) so that a decision can be made which takes into account all interests. The forces that help achieve the change are called driving forces, and the forces that work against the change are called restraining forces. In effect this is a specialized method of weighing pros and cons. This analysis helps generate options by examining the forces (groups, personnel, resources, relationships, etc.) that can help achieve or work against the objectives. The process uses brainstorming, surveys, task groups, and other sensing tools to gain insight into the causes, perceptions, and ideas related to these forces (Valentine, 1997).
For example, a citizen group could use force-field analysis as a way for the group to identify "restraining" (negative) forces and "supporting" (positive) forces when dealing with a high crime rate. They could then evaluate the possible strengths of each positive force, such as neighborhood watch programs and school programs, and decide what can be done to maximize those supporting forces. By identifying negative forces, such as high drug use and low educational levels, they could then design a plan to maximize the positive forces in such as way that minimizes the restraining ones.
References
Dale, A. And Mitiguy, N. (1978) "Planning for a Change," Citizen Involvement Training. University of Massachusetts.
Valentine, E. (1997). Conceptual Issues in Psychology,
New York, NY: Routledge Publishing.
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