This type of landed estate began to cause problems of loyalty just before feudalism began to crumble under the popularity of capitalism. Some vassals were multiplied in the sense that they would attempt to acquire as much land as possible. This caused a conflict in loyalties, as one vassal could owe loyalty to many lords. This situation brought forth the term "liege lord" (335), which identified one lord that had power over the other lords should a conflict ever arise. Noble points out how the feudal system "shows vertical bonds in its hierarchy of vassalic ties and its command of the peasant population" (353). It should also be noted that nobility also "joined in horizontal associations" (353) as well. Noble groupings were a "kind of substitute kinship, especially for the young" (353). Noble groupings are a significant aspect of the feudal system in that they were often associated with a local monastery. They were likely to promote a local patron saint. Noblemen were known to fight together and often considered themselves "comrades in arms" (353). It is important to examine a specific culture of nobility, which is chivalry. Chivalry and feudalism are not identical, as many might believe. Chivalry was a code of conduct that was carried out by the warrior aristocracy. Noble points out the word chivalry comes from the French words for horse, which supports the image of the chivalrous knight. Moreover, while it was a code of conduct, it prized military prowess as one of it most respected virtues. Noble contends that a knight what was not a great warrior was "useless" (353). Another important virtue among this culture of feudalism included "open-handed generosity" (353). Nobles writes that the "truly noble person engaged in sumptuous display to make his power manifest,...
Knights were extremely concerned about their reputations and sought glory, as this was the best way to secure a lord or a bride. Loyalty is also another characteristic that was extremely important in the world of feudalism and, in Noble's opinion, was the glue that held the feudal society together.Feudalism can be described as the series of legitimate and military customs that prospered between the 9th and 15th centuries in medieval Europe. While there are controversies among scholars regarding the emergence of this government structure, its first definite form appeared in the 9th and 10th centuries in the Frankish lands ("History of Feudalism" par, 1). This concept was a system for structuring the society through relationships emanating from the
Industrialization Benefits and Negatives Feudalism was the primary economic base during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. This was more of a patron system in which the means of production (land, any equipment, etc.) was owned by the Church or royalty. Workers then "leased" the right to work on the land, paying their tax in the form of product or service. However, with increased urbanization and tradecraft, ties to a feudal lord
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Ghana Blunch and Verner (Determinants of Literacy) How does a country make progress? The answers seem to be obvious on paper - if difficult to effect in the world itself. Those of us who are citizens of the First World tend to believe that we understand what is required for a nation to "develop." But Blunch and Verner, in their study of literacy and numeracy skills in Ghana, demonstrate how complicated
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