Some of the spatial plots that were obtained are shown below.
Figure 2: Diagrams showing the Mean vortex (a and b) of the azimuthal velocity profiles at different positions along the tunnel length.
Phillips and Graham (1984) carried out a study on how to measure Reynolds-stress in a turbulent trailing vortex. The work described into detail how the measurement of turbulent trailing vortex in a condition of zero pressure is carried out. The measurements included the mean velocities as well as all components of the all important Reynolds-stress tensor. These measurements were made via linearized hot wires at different chordlengths (45,78 as well as 109) downstream of the aircraft wing.Axisymmetric wakes and jets were then added in a coaxial fashion to the vortex while holding the total calculation costant.Their effects were then studied. The study reveled that just as indicated in the work of Mason & Marchman and Poppleton, the act of increasing the force of the flow effectively increase the rate of radial dispersion of vorticity. This is noted to be concurrent and consistent with higher levels Reynolds shear stress and turbulence intensities. This the flow of excess axial momentum being effectively zero, a condition which approximated a turbulent line vortex, no considerable change was observed in regard to the velocity field while very little change was seen in the turbulent field. The authors also presented and discussed a balance of terms in regard to the mean-momentum equations. This work indicated that despite the fact that the amount of radial velocity is smaller (numerically) than the axial velocity, the terms that contains it like axial as well as tangential-momentum equations can never be ignored unless the magnitude of the force of flow is much smaller than the level of total circulation squared.
Zhang, Lee and Ligrani (2004) also presented a study that discussed the effects of surface roughness as well as free-stream turbulence on the structure of wake turbulence of a symmetric airfoil. This work studied the effects of...
Extant literature has been dedicated to the evaluation of closed head injuries using the Canadian Scale and New Orleans criteria for Adult patients in rural areas.The work of Stielle et al. (2005) explored the comparison of the Canadian CT head rule and the New Orleans Criteria in various Patients suffering from minor head injuries. Their work indicated that the current application of computed tomography (CT) for cases of minor head
, 2001) The use of support vector machine learning is widely supported to be used to notice micro calcification clusters in the digital mammograms. It is indeed a learning tool that originated from modern statistical theory of learning. (Vapnik, 1998). In the recent past years, SVM learning has got a large range of real life applications. This includes handwritten digit detection (Scholkopf et al., 1997), recognition of object, (Pontil&Verri, 1998), identification
Extant literature has been dedicated to the concept of corporate ethics and governance. In regard to the Satyam scenario, Afsharipour (2010) discussed the expectations as well as challenges that face the Indian corporate governance landscape. The paper discussed corporate reforms that were put in place as a consequence of the Satyam fraud. The author recognizes the dire need for proper governance in the entire Indian corporate landscape as a consequence
The authors pointed out the fact that the integration of semantic Web with the existing remote sensing processes can help in solving the problem. The ability of the remote sensing of information to provide certain functions in an online environment is superb. This results in dynamic transfer of information across the web. The authors further points out the fact that semantic information processing gives rise to semantic-based service reasoning
According to the study, the clinical evidence does not recommend the application of implanto-prosthetic zirconium abutments in a patient's molar region. Nakumura et al. (2010) conducted a systematic review of Zirconium as a dental implant abutment matter. The focus of their study was to assess the already published data on the concept of concerning zirconia dental implant abutments. The work was focused on the study of the mechanical properties of zirconium
The use of open-ended questions that require multiple items in the answering points were observed to lead to a sharp increase in the attrition rate (Crawford et al.,2001). The use of questions that are organized into tables in conducting the various forms of web surveys was also observed to increase the rate of attrition (Knapp & Heidingsfelder, 1999).The advantages of using the web-based surveys to the designer is the
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