Through policies of systematic discrimination and persecution of national minorities, Serb nationalists indirectly strengthened the radical wing of Albanian nationalist movements. The wing was represented by KSA (Kosovo Liberation Army). Most of the KSA leadership, Hedges writes, has formerly been imprisoned for separatist activities, and many were imprisoned by the Tito's communist government. The KSA's ideological base, Hedges writes, comes from a bizarre mixture of fascist and communist factions. Later in the 1990s, KSA began to receive financial and logistical support from Islamist radical groups in the Gulf States as well. Hedges argues that KSA initially did not have the support of the majority. The radical group began to garner support after the policies pursued by Ibrahim Rugova have allegedly failed. The continuing mistreatment of Kosovo Albanians by the Serbian state and the inability of the international community to resolve the issue (for example, the European Union's recognition of Yugoslavia in 1995 although Yugoslavia had not resolved the Kosovo problem) led many ordinary Albanians to throw in their lot with KSA. "We all feel a deep, deep sense of betrayal,"...
"We mounted a peaceful, civilized protest to fight the totalitarian rule of Milosevic. We did not go down the road of nationalist hatred, always respecting Serbian churches and monasteries. The result is that we were ignored." The inability of international players to come to an aid of ethnic Albanians, the Dayton peace negotiations in particular, "taught us a painful truth, {that} those that want freedom must fight for it. This is our sad duty." Coupled with the failure of the international community and the colonial behavior by Serbs, Hedges argues, was the rising unemployment (70%) and a booming birth rate that gave birth to a mass of disgruntled youth who could no longer support the pacifist sentiments of the government of Rugova. Because of these developments, KSA emerged as a group that represented the voices of most ethnic Albanians in Kosovo in the late 90's.
In this sense, "During the 1950s and 1960s, especially after the falling-out between China and the former Soviet Union, the Chinese government actively relocated Han Chinese to frontier provinces such as Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang, in order to consolidate the border in light of possible military threat from the Soviets" . Therefore, the decision to intervene in the ethnic composition of the region was not only a choice related
Hence, his plan here was not even based upon the assumption of ethnic plurality, but simply upon his own hunger for territorial power. Franjo Tudjman, equally power hungry, was the elected president of Croatia in 1990. His focus was not ethnic plurality. Rather, his aim was to establish a Croatian state for Croatians, without providing any minority rights to other citizens. For this reason, his focus on Bosnia was also
ethnic conflict in the light of various authors. It has 4 sources. Anthropological history may trace the dawn of civilizations as groups of ethnic people gradually growing in numbers and strength while taking over other weaker groups. The tendency to over take and eliminate social groups is thus not a new concept it has been around for sometime and can be said to be in evolutionary terms, the survival of
Nationalism & Ethnic Conflict Nationalism and the Modern Nation State: Two Critical Readings In Umut Ozkirimli's work, entitled Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction, the author attempts to come to grips with the idea of how ethnicity functions in the construction of modern nation states. In early, primordial history, nationality and nationhood could be taken as virtually synonymous. However, with the increasingly complex global and geo-political reality, ethnicity has become one of
Arabs/Tuareg vs. Africans Arabs/Tuareg Ethnic Clash with Sub-Saharan Africans Africa is a very tumultuous continent and for a number of reasons. Whether it be fights relating to race, ethnic squabbles, religion or a combination of the three, wars and problems are not hard to find. North Africa in particular and its proximity to the Middle East makes an already hot situation all that much hotter. One particular conflict that is ongoing and
Conflict Resolution India is a diverse country in terms of religion. The Hindu population constitutes 828 million people (80%), the Muslim population constitutes million (13.5%), the Christian population constitutes 24 million (2.5%), the Sikh population constitutes 19 million (2%), while other religious groupings including Jains and Buddhists constitute 19.5 million. Religion is an important aspect of Indian political scene. Although India maintains that it is a secular nation, Indian politics has
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