Verified Document

Ethical Philosophies Ethics Utilitarianism, Kant's Categorical Imperative, Essay

¶ … Ethical Philosophies Ethics

Utilitarianism, Kant's categorical imperative, virtue ethics, and Confucianism

One of the most intuitive ethical philosophies is that of utilitarianism, an ethical ideal that suggests that ethical decisions should be made based upon what decisions will achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people. When we weigh decisions based upon their costs and benefits, we are taking a kind of utilitarian approach to decision-making (Ethics 5: Utilitarianism, 2008). Utilitarianism attempts to rationally calculate what will maximize pleasure and minimize pain: it does not view any action as inherently good or bad but rather focuses on the practical consequences of our decisions. It seeks to maximize utility, whether this is happiness for the individual or profit for a business. One of the obvious detriments of utilitarian theory is that many decisions often have a very negative impact upon a minority of people. Another problem is defining what constitutes 'the good' that is being accomplished. Ideally, all persons should be assessed who may be affected by the action, not simply 'the self,' and the long-term consequences of actions should be taken into consideration (Ethics 5: Utilitarianism,...

Kantian philosophy stresses the need for ethical actors to focus upon the moral worth of actions, not the consequences of actions. The end never justifies the means. Certain moral laws must always be obeyed. Moreover, every ethical actor should always behave as if he or she is setting a moral law for all time. There are no situational or contextual exceptions (Three-minute philosophy: Immanuel Philosophy, 2009). You should always behave as if you are setting moral laws for all time and not try to rationalize acting against those moral laws with imagined consequences. The obvious problem with Kant's inflexibility is that different people and different societies have different rules for morality. Additionally, sometimes acting according to what would be considered a universal moral law (such as not to lie, cheat or steal) can have very negative consequences, both for the self and the rest of society.
In contrast to both of these worldviews stands Aristotle's virtue ethics, which stresses on the need to have a good moral character rather than to obey unyielding principles about maximizing utility or obeying moral laws. Aristotle focused on fostering happiness,…

Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Utilitarianism and Categorical Imperatives a Comparison of
Words: 1076 Length: 4 Document Type: Thesis

Utilitarianism and Categorical Imperatives A Comparison of the Theories of Utilitarianism and Categorical Imperatives The principles of Utilitarianism and Categorical Imperatives contradict each other on many fronts. Both provide a rational for making moral decisions, both have benefits and flaws. A compelling argument can be made for each. From my perspective the principal's of Kant exemplify a more ethical way to conduct life. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism as a specific school of thought is generally credited

Ethical Theories: In Philosophy, Ethics
Words: 892 Length: 3 Document Type: Essay

Consequently, the underlying concept regarding the two different arguments is the actual point for the beginning of life. Through the application of several ethical theories, stem cell research is unethical because of the following reasons: Respect to All Persons: Based on the utilitarian ethical theory or principle, stem cell research is unethical because it violates the need to respect all individuals and provide the greatest happiness to many people. The emergence

Ethical Philosophies
Words: 710 Length: 2 Document Type: Case Study

Ethical Philosophies Sometimes, when faced with a situation within murky ethical waters, there are difficult decisions to make. This is not made easier by the various philosophical outlooks available today, some of which would provide contradictory advice. The ethics of Emmanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, John Rawls, and Aristotle might, for example provide widely different viewpoints on whether a charitable donation should be accepted from a business person whose main income

Ethical Theory Ethics Given What
Words: 1039 Length: 3 Document Type: Research Proposal

Utilitarianism is most often used by healthcare organizations like insurance companies: to keep costs down for the many, a potentially valuable treatment may be denied to the individual because it is deemed experimental or unnecessarily costly. As unpalatable as the idea may be, no patient can be tested for every single conceivable illness he or she might contract. There must be some prioritization of high-risk groups. During his or

Kantian Categorical Imperative the Formula
Words: 2637 Length: 8 Document Type: Research Paper

There is a need to clearly point out that the two elements are never synonymous. The process of perfecting our own natural state in the Kantian view implies that we are actually in the process of attempting to cultivate "the crude dispositions of [our] nature, by which the animal is first raised into the human being" (Kant 1996b).In order to achieve this, Kant suggests that one is required to effectively cultivate

Ethics the Nineteenth Century German Philosopher Immanuel
Words: 705 Length: 2 Document Type: Essay

Ethics The nineteenth century German philosopher Immanuel Kant presented an ethical code that assigned a strict "right" or "wrong" to every action. Called the categorical imperative, Kant believed that it does not matter what the consequences or outcome of actions are; there are certain things that are right and certain things that are wrong. These ethical categories of right and wrong are not negotiable. It can never be "sometimes" ok to

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now