Exxon and Environmental Policy
Despite its assurance of the complete safety of its operations, the Exxon Valdez tanker hit a reef in Alaska's Prince William Sound at midnight of March 24, 1989 and poured 11 million gallons of Alaska North Slope crude oil from a ruptured hull of the ship (Explore North 1999). Within the next two months following the wreck, oil had spread to 470 miles to the southwest. The initial cleanup in the succeeding three years cost more than $2 billion, although no lives were lost. Wildlife destruction was staggering and the full impact of the disaster may never be known. The State of Alaska and the federal government filed both criminal and civil suits against Exxon in October 1991
In settling the civil charges, Exxon agreed to pay the State of Alaska and the United States $900 million within a 10-year period and the money would be devoted to restoration work to be administered by six government Trustees, three federal and three state (Explore North 1999). In settling the criminal charges, Exxon would be fined $250 million: $50 million restitution funds each to fall under state control and the other under federal authority. It, however, shocked many Alaskans when $125 million of the fine balance was forgiven on account of Exxon's cooperation in the cleanup and upgrading of safety procedures as preventive measure. The remaining $50 million was assigned by the courts to the Victims of Crime Act and the North American Wetlands Conservation Fund at $13 million and $12 million, respectively (Explore North). On September 16, 1994, a jury...
The 1980s (the period when Ronald Reagan was the U.S. President) witnessed a series of government measures targeting environmental regulations. This resulted in public outrage against the anti-environmental policies of the government leading to a renewed interest in nature clubs and groups and the formation of radical groups who led strong movements to protect the environment. (vii) the post- Reagan resurgence (1990s onwards) - President Bush and President Clinton
" (2007) Recommendations of this report include those as follows: China should learn from the successes and failure of the U.S. And other developed countries in reducing the influence of energy use on air quality; Continued dialogue and information exchange among U.S. And Chinese scientists and policy-makers should be promoted through professional organization, government support programs, and the National Academies in both countries to promote joint development of energy and pollution control
" (United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Services, 2000) The draft environmental impact statement elicited over 1.1 million responses which the Forest Service identified and summarized into six major issue categories including: 1) Public access; 2) Identification of other unroaded areas; 3) Exemptions and exceptions 4) Environmental effects; 5) Local involvement; and 6) the effect on communities with strong natural resource affiliations. (United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Services, 2000) These issues served to guide
It not only recycles, but unlike Universal Studios it donates electronics, furniture, and office supplies to community organizations, so that the products will be put to good use. Like Universal Studios, the Walt Disney Company is committed to purchasing recycled-content products, and uses packaging materials that can be reused or recycled. It tries to buy in bulk to minimize packaging waste ("Waste Minimization: The Walt Disney Company," 2007, the
Citizen Groups Shaping Environmental Policy The environmental issues have of late been a subject of concern to many people and many organizations. Governments all over the world have been under persistent pressure to implement policies and also enact laws that are friendly to the environment or are intentionally formulated to safeguard the environment. The Kyoto protocol was a pace setter in many aspects concerning the environmental care and conservation, hence many
Nestle Sustainability Nestle's key sustainable environmental policies are broken down into several core areas: resources, packaging, products, climate change, natural capital, information, water efficiency, training, and product life-cycle. They want to improve resource efficiency, improve packing, optimize the environmental impact of products, be a leader in climate change, examine how production impacts natural capital, provide accurate information about the environmental impact of their products and processes, improve overall water efficiency, train
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