Globalization and Its Effect on Irish Culture and Identity
Define the term globalization and explain why it is a controversial term.
Societies in the present world are interconnected and gain awareness regarding the events and situations happening on different parts of the world. Global awareness has become important and is also defined as the speeding, deepening and widening up of the inter-connections in context of life, culture, spirituality and even economically (Marconis, and Plummer, 2002). Globalization is also defined as the increasing connections between different societies in a way that they all have an effect of the event that is happening far from them (Marconis, and Plummer, 2002). Some of the main features of globalization are that economic transactions take place across borders, communication is increased, awareness regarding different cultures is increased, international governance is created, common problems and their solutions are shared etc. Although globalization is commonly seen in positive light, it is also considered controversial due to some features. A culture, when it crosses over to different societies and countries globally, its characteristics changes in accordance with local conditions and acceptance values. For example, Thai cuisine has expanded to a lot of food loving countries, but every local has changed or modified it. Thai cuisine in California will not be the same as Thai cuisine in New York, so the original Thai cuisine is not retained. This is known as Glocalization. Secondly, hybridization takes place in which the different forms of social life are diversified from old to new, making changes in the traditional ways, which is seen as controversial among many people (Marconis, and Plummer, 2002).
Identify some key features of globalization and the factors driving it.
Globalization has become an important debate in media, business and politics and is defined as the increasing inter-connectedness of people all over the world. It is also related to flow of communication and information through technology[footnoteRef:2]. Some of the key features of globalization are: [2: ]
Transfer of Communication and Information Technology: With the internet connectivity at its advanced level, people find no problem at all in connecting all over the world. Currently there are around 200 satellites that connect people from the opposite sides of the world. Information is easily transferred and communication between people regarding work or family continues. The countries that are fully developed have multiple accesses with people through internet, mobile phones, television etc. This makes sure that the flow of information is consistent and thorough (Giddens, and Sutton, 2013).
Economic Globalization: Politics play an important part in globalization but it is the economics that has the people underpinned in business and profits. World economy in the present times is very important as the financials of one country are affected by those of another country. Apart from that, people have established their business in different parts of the world which improves the economy of both the countries. Furthermore, tourism plays an important part in connecting people and indirectly improves the economy of that particular country (Giddens, and Sutton).
Political Globalization: As mentioned earlier, politics has a lot of role to play in the development of globalization. Communism was defeated due to technology and exchange of information. European Union and United Nations is another example of globalization and act as a single platform where all the problems of the worlds are discussed (Giddens, and Sutton).
Explain the three different viewpoints on globalization identified by Held (1999).
Globalization has been debated over hotly from time to time. Different concepts were presented by philosophers and debaters. David Held along with his fellow workers (Held et al. 1999) surveyed the skeptical voices and divided them into three categories (Giddens & Sutton, 2013). These are:
Hyperglobalizers: In this category, the debaters state that globalization is the 'real phenomenon' that is spread all over the world with immense affects. They state that the politicians no longer have the power to run their states with good governance because the countries do not oversee their economies and the national governments are unable to exercise their control. They also state the powers of the governments are being challenged by the higher power like EU or UN (Giddens & Sutton, 2013).
Skeptics: They believe that globalization is overrated and that it existed before as well. The connectivity of the people has been improved due to the advancements in networks but globalization is not a new phenomenon. They profess that the countries are not more connected...
Immigration policy, distance and financial constraints reduce the flow of people. Religions are notoriously difficult to pass from culture to the next because of the deep level of personal involvement. Languages are passed to outsiders only when pragmatic, as in the case of lingua francas. As long as the barriers to passing important cultural artifacts between cultures remain, globalisation will remain in evidence mostly with what can be transferred
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