E-Commerce Communications
Electronic commerce or e-commerce is the term used to describe all forms of information exchange and business transactions based on information and communication technologies. There are different types of formal definitions of e-commerce, but the wide scope involved has resulted in many definitions focusing on only certain aspects. A fairly comprehensive definition covers e-commerce from four different perspectives (Kalakota and Whinston, 1997, p.38) - communications, business process, service and online. From a communications perspective, e-commerce is the transfer of information, products, services and payments over communication and electronic networks. The business process is about application of information and communications technology for automation of business activities and transactions. From a service perspective, e-commerce provides solutions to consumers and organizations for enhancing business performance and efficiency such as improvement in quality, deliverables and resolving customer complaints in quick time. The online element of e-commerce allows buying and selling of products on the internet and other online systems. Since, e-commerce involves transactions between business partners; there is a common tendency to use the term e-business as an alternative. The terms are also used interchangeably. It is generally accepted that e-business is a broader version of e-commerce and includes not just buying and selling, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners and carrying out electronic communications within the organization. In the words of Lou Gerstner's who served as Chief Executive Officer of IBM, "E-business is all about cycle time, speed, globalization, enhanced productivity, reaching new customers and sharing knowledge across institutions for competitive advantage." (Turban, Lee; King and Michael, 2000, p.78)
Electronic commerce is commonly classified by the nature of transaction. Business-to-business (B2B) is one of the most common forms of transactions that takes place across the world and includes inter-organizational system transactions and electronic market transactions. Business-to-consumer (B2C) includes retailing transactions, with sellers offering goods and services to individual shoppers and consumers. In the consumer-to-consumer (C2C) category, the transaction is between consumers themselves, without the intervention of producers; middlemen may or may not be involved. C2C is mostly personal in nature as the transaction is between one individual and another. Examples include sale of residential property, antiques, cars and personal computers. Consumer-to-business (C2B) is essentially the reverse of B2C, where consumers, mostly individuals sell products and services to organizations or other sellers. A growing type of e-commerce is the non-business type, wherein academic institutions, non-business and non-profit organizations use electronic commerce to reach out to more people, reduce costs and improve service. Intra-business or organizational e-commerce refers to activities and transactions within the organization. This is used for ensuring instant and cost-effective communication among employees spread over wide geographical area, exchange of data and information on the business and online training. (Whiteley, 2000, p.88)
There are three broad categories of e-commerce - electronic markets, electronic data interchange and internet commerce. While the categorization is based on differences in application and functional attributes, in practice they often overlap each other. An electronic market is an information system that enables buyers and sellers to exchange information about products and prices. (Been, et al., 1995, p.3). Thus, the primary function of electronic markets is to assist the buyer in her search for the required products; for the sellers, it facilitates spread of information of the products to several buyers simultaneously, thus enhancing the probability of sale. Electronic market is generally associated with B2B or B2C categories of e-commerce. It is very effective in commodity markets, where products and price offerings are more or less similar across the entire market. For example, international trade in commodities such as wheat, rice, cotton, edible oils, cotton, and metals is greatly benefited by electronic markets, where buyers can have multiple options in terms of product specifications, price, and place of delivery while the sellers can have access to large number of customers across the world. In view of the global reach of the electronic markets, buyers are increasingly carrying out extensive searches till they find the best buy at the lowest cost. Thus, there is a view that electronic market in the commodity business is more efficient distribution of market information which can lead to 'best buys' for buyers and decreasing profit possibilities for sellers (Been et al., 1995, p.4). A major world wide application of electronic markets is in the commercial airline passenger booking system. Passengers...
The ability to create a more effective knowledge management and learning system is more important than just creating an online store and populating it with products, which is a key lessons learned through much of the analysis for this report (Molla, Heeks, 2007). The internationalization of e-commerce then is the antithesis of one-size-fits all; it is rather the ability to tailor e-commerce strategies with accuracy and precision to the
E-Commerce Solutions (Ability to Pay Online) Vendor selection Vendor usefulness to company Vendor usefulness to customer Search Engine Optimization Keywords Content development Back linking SEO strategies, search engine ranking and stakeholder benefit International Consideration Market International strategy Language, culture and currency Online Customer relationship management (CRM) Outbound strategy Connecting with customers and donors Website analytics as a support to CRM function CRM Software DonorPerfect® Fundraising Software Better customer experience through DonorPerfect® The paper presents e-commerce solutions to manage online payments for the website of EEOC's youth program. It is recommended
The true test of any e-commerce system is the ability to orchestrate the many complex processes and systems to a unified, consistent experience to faculty, staff and most important, students. Advanced e-commerce systems have included a series of decision engines or logic workflows that expedite the most common processes throughout their platforms and websites (Nabi, 2005). This significantly increases the accuracy and velocity of information sharing throughout any enterprise,
E-Commerce I would not sell the domain name. There are no ethical dilemmas involved at all here. It is simply a business decision, and does not meet the criteria for an ethical dilemma. An ethical dilemma arises when an actor must choose between one or more mutually exclusive options (the dilemma) with conflicting ethical outcomes. Thus, the dilemma arise when there is no clear choice between options, because to take one
E-Commerce and Business Process E-Commerce Defined E- commerce as modern business methodology Characteristics of internet and traditional markets Benefits of E-commerce Critical Success Factors of E-commerce E-commerce applications Types of E-commerce business models Security and legal issues Apple Company and E-commerce Business and E-Commerce Implementation of E-commerce Conventional market approach vs. modern market approach E-Commerce Applications Types of E-Commerce models E- commerce defined: E-commerce is broadly described as "utilizing online sources as well as tools to perform business in a far better way - more effectively
Of the many theories and concepts that seek to define long-term learning effectiveness and context, the three factors of autonomy, mastery and purpose are by far the most pervasive in practical, empirical research results (Albright, Burgess, Davis, 2011). Creating and operating a team learning environments begins by deliberately designing in autonomy, mastery and purpose to ensure the motivation to attain long-term learning is achieved. This is however a secondary concern
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