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Nowadays, students have to choose between different academic disciplines: maybe one student prefers to be a psychologist rather than a physician. And then once the student has decided on psychology, he must choose, for example, to be a psychology major, as opposed to a physician major. Further more, there are even different categories within disciplines: social psychology, organizational psychology, clinical psychology, educational psychology etc., each with its own concepts, terminology and methods. As in many other areas of activity, the division of labor in modern academia was a necessary phenomenon in the modern society given the economic and social conditions of the modern world, when the aim of education is to prepare students for different specializations and then, through working, interdependence and collaboration is necessary in order to reach the goal and obtain the wanted results. Durkheim's theory division of labor depicts the fact that in a society based on the members' dissimilarity, co-operation is essential and, finally, this is what characterises modern society.
Regarding those differences between individuals and specialization at work (each individual has specific skills and abilities in order to assume his responsibilities) Durkheim focused on the correlation between division of labor, individualism and co-operation. "If an individual's actions and ideas are fully congruent with those characterizing his group, Durkheim refers to "altruism" - a term that, accordingly, lacks the ordinary connotation of unselfishness and, rather, means extreme conformism. If the individual's actions and ideas are entirely unlike those of his group, Durkheim the researcher talks of "egoism," again outside the ordinary meaning of selfishness and denoting here extreme individualism." Durkheim used the term "individualism" to describe the differences in groups and the way they think and act. On the other hand, differentiated communities are bound together by these differences within a group which need mutual dependence on its members' specialised functions (we need doctors toe keep us healthy, the same way we need construction engineers to have a house to live in and the examples could infinitely continue).
Given those differences, in Durkheim's vision, cooperation and interdependence are needed and "is produced by people following their own interests, and as each individual "devote[s] himself to one special function to discover that inevitably he is solidly linked to other people." From an opposite position, Karl Marx believed that to obtain a social change and a better society there must be a class conflict: the opposition between the capitalists (known as the bourgeoisie) and the working class (known as the proletariat).
Marx studied industrial capitalism, seeking to show how the laborer is exploited by capitalists and alienated from his basic humanity, concluding that alienation and is associated with division of labor. On the contrary, Durkheim had a strong structural view of society: he viewed that the division of labor doesn't cause conflicts (as Marx asserted) and doesn't result in a disintegration of society and he focussed on the relation between division of labor, social harmony and modern society. Durkheim also depicted other consequences of the division of labor: it makes us more individualistic. "Thus, differentiation in these complex societies gives birth...
Durkheim's Study Of Suicide In Emile Durkheim's (1997) book Suicide, he discusses both the causes of and the reasons for suicide. He also addresses the components of different sociological theories that show that what comes from within a person matters equally with their outside environment when it comes to the issues they face during their lives. Strong evidence is provides that peer pressure and the lack of a strong system of
From the above description, it is clear that mechanical solidarity unites members of a society through personal bonds or social cohesion, which was particular to pre-industrial societies. This mechanical solidarity occurred, when all members of a society performed the same or nearly the same tasks as all others in a society. On the other hand, in the organic solidarity, as societies begin to modernize, they begin to industrialize and labor
This argument brings Durkheim's theory into modern society. Durkheim's Suicide Theory made a lot of sense in the early 1900s. Over the years, many changes in society have occurred, making some of his work appear outdated. However, Pescosolido's and Georgianna's "network" theory expands Durkheim's theory for modern times. Durkheim expected the circumstances of his argument to change, so it makes sense that modern sociologists should revisit and reapply his theory.
Emile Durkheim on Social Solidarity Durkheim is considered the first French academic sociologist and a significant part of the life of this philosopher was surrounded by his work and writing though he also participated a lot in the affairs of the French as a society. Though a respectable academic, he was still faced with various obstacles among them being the resistance and opposition from his colleagues as scholar who represented a
Instead of losing its importance, sociology of religion should become more essential for study in sociology curriculum. It should be more than the anthropology and theology students who are asking such questions as, "What is the future of religion in society? Despite the growing complexity of society and the increase in stress and related emotional problems, why is there a decrease in formal religion attendance? Does modernity secularize as Durkheim
Emile Durkheim Sociology is an extremely important field of study that has dramatically changed the world in which we live. Emile Durkheim has played a major role in shaping sociology and its theories. The purpose of this discussion is to provide an overview of the theorist and his work. The discussion will focus on the work and an evaluation of the validity of the theory. The Theorist book entitled Emile Durkheim, 1858-1917:
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