Because the secularization of society has tended to cause erosion to religious identities and to bring about a change in terms of intergenerational value the result is laden with many new issues that:
"…cut across establish party cleavages; the impact of social and geographic mobility weakening community social networks; the rise of television broadcasting replacing older channels of political communications through partisan newspapers, personal discussion and party campaign organizations; growing multiculturalism resulting from migration, which was generating cross-cutting social cleavages based on racial and ethnic identities; and the increased complexity of newer issues on the policy agenda, such as globalization, environmentalism, sexuality, and international terrorism, that do not comfortably fit into older patterns of party competition16. As a result of these processes, identities based on social class and religious denomination no longer seem as capable of generating unwavering and habitual party loyalties in many postindustrial societies as they were in the post-war era, opening the way for new types of parties challenging the status quo." (Religious Party and Electoral Behavior, 2010)
The work of Deegan-Krause (2006) entitled: "New Dimensions of Political Cleavage" published in the Oxford Handbook of political Science reports that one "cleavage element' is merely a difference and the heading 'attitude' is stated in reference to 'normative' or 'value categories' while the heading 'institution' refers to activity elsewhere labeled as 'political, 'organizational', or 'behavioral'. Two cleavage elements are stated to represent a...
References Black, J.S., & Porter, L.W. (1991). Managerial Behaviors and Job Performance: A Successful Manager in Los Angeles May Not Succeed in Hong Kong. Journal of International Business Studies, 22(1), 99+. Retrieved March 27, 2009, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000126798 Business Case for Diversity. Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http://www.chubb.com/diversity/chubb4450.html Clarke, R.D. (2005, September). Workplace Bias Abounds: New Study Confirms the American Workplace Has Much Farther to Go to Achieve True Diversity. Black Enterprise,
Democratic Transition in Asia Transition and Structural Theories of Democratization Important Asian countries participated in the Third Wave of democratization from the 1970s to the 1990s, including South Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. In China and Burma, there might have been a democratic revolution in 1989-90 had the ruling regimes not suppressed their own people with utmost brutality. This Third Wave, which according to Samuel Huntington started in Spain and
When school leadership values diversity and demonstrates the value of diversity the school is more likely to be characterized by diversity in the classroom. IV. Modeling Respect for Diversity Harris (2006) states in the work entitled: "BRAVO Principals" published by Education World that school principals "model respect for diversity when they engage their faculties in addressing issues of identity so that children have successful role models that represent all ethnic groups.
Democratic and Republican parties have been able to maintain their strength and their membership numbers since the Civil War for both structural and ideological reasons. The ideological reasons are the most obvious to an observer and to many members of the parties; indeed it is because of the ideological positions of the two parties that people align themselves by party. The ideologies of each party are complex; a better
Indeed, even the most outspoken critics of law enforcement will likely be the first to dial "9-1-1" when their homes are being burglarized or members of their families are being attacked, but the fact remains that many police department remain primarily white and male in composition. The impetus for effecting substantive changes in the composition of the nation's police forces will therefore need to be mandated in order for
Gurin, Patricia, Dey, Eric, Hurtado, Sylvia, and Gurin, Gerald. Diversity and Higher Education: Theory and Impact on Educational Outcomes. Harvard Educational Review. Fall 2002. Volume 72. Issue 3. PG 330-366. In light of the current divisiveness of the affirmative action debate, the researchers and educational authors Patricia Gurin, Eric L. Dey, Sylvia Hurtado, and Gerald Gurin, through their article on "Diversity and Higher Education: Theory and Impact on Educational Outcomes" offer
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